Importance of Pharm. D study in Nepal

                                         - Rabin Chudal-

 

Pharm. D is an abbreviation for Doctor of Pharmacy degree, a doctorate level degree obtained in the pharmacy school/ college by prospective pharmacists. The doctor of pharmacy is a professional degree not a graduate degree. The Pharm.D curriculum is designed to produce a scientifically and technically competent pharmacist who can apply this education in such manner as to provide maximum health care services to patients. Students are provided with the opportunity to gain greater experience in patients close cooperative relationships with health practioners. It is the goal of all pharmacy schools to prepare pharmacists who can assume expanded responsibilities in the care of patients and assure the provision of rational drugs therapy

Pharm.D degree curriculum is different than that of B.Pharm, it includes extensive didactic clinical preparation and a full year of hands on practice experience.

In 1990, the American Association of colleges of pharmacy (AACP) mandated that a doctor of pharmacy degree would be the new first professional degree.

Currently all accreditation schools and colleges of pharmacy in the united states offer the Pharm.D degree national association of boards of pharmacy is now permitting students with five years like Pharm d for FPGEE eligibility.

Many other countries like Canada, Spain, France, Slovenia, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Pakistan, Jamaica, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Qatar, south Arabia, United Arab emirates, Nigeria etc have started Pharm.D programs India has started Pharm.D program from 2008.

In some countries, it is the first professional degree and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.

The first Pharm.D program was established at the University of southern California school of pharmacy in Los Angeles California in 1950.

SOME COUNTRIES WHERE THERE IS A PHARM D COURSE:



1.      North America

Canada

United States

2.      South America

Brazil

Chile



 



3.      Europe

·         Czech republic and Slovakia

·         France

·         Hungary

·         Italy

·         Netherland

·         Portugal

·         Spain

 

4.      Middle east

·         Iran

·         Jordan

·         Lebnan

·         Qatar

·         Saudi  Arabia

·         United Arab Emirates

 



5.      Asia

·         Pakistan

·         India

·         Nepal

·         Philippines

·         Thailand

·         Bangladesh

 

6.      Africa

·         Morocco

·         Ghana

·         Kenya

·         Nigeria

·         South Africa

·         Tunisia

·         Algeria


 

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A QUALIFIED PHARM D PHARMACISTS:

1.      Drug distribution and dispensing

Pharmacists assess legitimacy of prescriptions, eligibility for coverage, appropriates and safety of the medication for the treatment of patient.

2.      Patient safety

Promote rational drug therapy by conducting drug therapy by conducting drug utilization reviews, identifying potential prescription  related problems such as drug- drug interaction, duplications of drugs, known allergies, under or overdosing or inappropriate therapy, prior authorization, monitoring therapy, pharmacokinetic dosing of drugs, quality assurance program

3.      Clinical program development

Use evidence-based clinical and research data due to create disease management programs. Evaluate scientific evidence in order to select appropriate drugs for a patient population through a pharmacy and therapeutics committee. Design and conduct outcomes based research in order to help patient’s achieve the desired result from their drug therapy.

4.      Communication with patients, prescribers and pharmacists

Helps prescribers choose drugs that will meet patients needs and quality for coverage provides and educate patients about their individual prescription history provide a dispensing pharmacist with a patients drug profile in order to identify potential adverse drug reactions or duplicate therapies.

5.      Drug benefit design

Determining if a formulary should be used and whether it should be restricted or open and the use of patient’s cost-sharing structure for generic covered brand name drugs and non formulary drugs. To determine if a participating pharmacy network should be established and what the criteria for QA would be to determine criteria and procedures for drug utilization

 

Pharm.D can start their career in a limitless number of professional areas that range from community pharmacies, drug development, fundamental or applied research, biotechnology to areas such as forensic sciences, toxicology, regulatory affairs, clinical analysis, law enforcement (scientific police), Bromatology, Drug Marketing, Regulatory, Authorities , University Teachers, Executive Managers (pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and governmental institutions etc.

Large numbers of pharmaceutical companies are opting for clinical trials and the spending in four types of trials represented about 7.8 billion in 2007 and is projected to grow to $ 17.2 billion in 2013 pharm.D graduate will be the best suited for clinical research and related jobs across the globe.

 

LENGTH OF STUDY

Country wise the course of the study is different. For instance, in Pakistan it is 5 years course while in India it is a 5 year course with 1 year of hospital internship which means total 6 years. Similarly, Pharm.D (Post Baccalaureate) after B Pharm is of three years. These posts Baccalaureate Pharm D program have been teaching in Kathmandu University Nepal.

In south Asia, if we talk about India, Pharm D program was launched in 2008. In 2008, the first batch of Pharm.D took admission to the course. Pharm D is the professional pharmacy doctoral program. In india, it is total six years program after 10+2 or D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy).

It includes five years of academic study and one year internship.

It is slightly different than M. Pharm.

 



 

Pharm D

Direct after 10+2/D Pharm

Pharm D

(Post Baccaulurate)

M.Pharm

Duration of course

6 years

B.pharm

(4 years)+3 years

B.Pharm

(4 years)+2 years

Project thesis work

6 months

6 months

1 year

Internship

Yes(1 year)

1 year

No

Prefix “D”

(doctor) after course

Yes

Yes

No

 

      The academic study includes the same subjects such as B.Pharm, in addition the pharmacy components are emphasized such as hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, Pharmacotherapeutics, clinical pharmacy, biostatistics and research methodology, clinical toxicology, clinical research, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacoeconomics, clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacotherapeutic drug monitoring.

Furthers to add, in the fifth year of the course the candidate had to perform a project work for six months.

Some unique features of Pharm.D include eligibility to register for Ph.D prefix ‘Dr’ to name and a registrable qualification after completion of course.

The pharmacists can provide the clinical pharmacy services. Out of the services patient medication counseling is considered to be the most important part from a patient’s point of view. The information that may be discussed while a counseling session purpose, expected action storage, method of administration of drug and medical devices overall skills required to provide better clinical pharmacy services are up to date knowledge of clinical aspects of drugs and good communication skills.

 

ROLES OF CLINICAL PHARMACISTS:

(Pharm.D) candidates in hospital

 



Activity

Role

Medication history interview participation in ward round and meetings

 

·         To ask the patient about his medication history to optimize the further therapy.

·         To enable prescribing to be influence at the time of decision making

·         To contribute to patients care through the provision of drug information and promotion of rational drug therapy.

Provision of drug/poison information

·         To provide accurate and relevant information on drug related matters (generally clinical aspects of drugs, eg: use administration) verbally or in written form to persons involved in prescribing, administration, monitoring and use of medicines.

·         To prepare specific drug related resources such as protocols and patients information leafieps.

·         To provide poison information to physicians.

 

Prevention, assessment and management of drug interactions.

·         To review the medications order for the adverse drug interaction.

·         To identify patients at risk of adverse drug interaction.

·         To suggest suitable method of management for the interaction

·         To take appropriate steps

·         To avoid recurrence of interaction with adverse sequlae

·         To ensure early reorganization of drug interaction to prevent adverse sequlae.

Adverse drug reaction(ADR) management medication order review

·         To detect, assess and correlate, manage, document and to prevent ADRs

·         To encourage nursing and medical staff as well as patients, to report ADRs

·         To ensure patients receives most appropriate drug, dose, dosage form

·         To minimize drug related problems.

 

Clinical review

·         To determine the priorities of the treatment with reference to therapeutics outcomes desired by the patients

·         To evaluate and monitor patients therapy

·         To review the outcomes of the treatment.

Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) selection of drug therapy

·         To optimize therapy for the drugs for which there is know relationship between therapeutic effect and measured concentrations.

·         To identify the desired therapeutic outcomes.

·         To ensure the drug selection follows local guidelines, formulary and availability limitations where applicable.

·         To promote quality use of medicines.

·         To optimize the clinical outcomes and quality of patients care.

Patients medication counseling

·         To provide the information directed at encouraging safe and appropriate use of medication for the enhancement of better therapeutic outcomes.

·         To monitor new dosage and medications.

Liaison with community services

·         To communicate concerning special problems.

·         Provisions of medication aids.

·         To encourage the patient to contact to their hospital pharmacists.

 

After completion and during the course pharm. D candidate may provide the clinical pharmacy services in the hospitals work in the areas clinical research organization (CRO), Pharmacovigilance, pharmaco economics, community services, research and academics.

We know, it will take time to get it will established pharm D. candidates need to work hard and get recognized in the society for patients care by clinical pharmacy services.

They have to create a rapport with other health care providers such as physicians, nurses and also with patients.

Pharm D candidates have to generate the need the clinical pharmacy services in the society and prove its importance.

As the Pharm D is mostly patient centered curriculum, therefore patients will be able to know all the information about their disease, drugs and life style modifications for the diseases in future which would definitely increase prognosis of the patients. The clinical pharmacy services would also minimize the work load of physicians from their busy schedule as well as it would decrease the load on the health care system.

Medicine are chemical substances that are meant to change the way the body deals with an illness or injury or to maintain your health and well being no matter where you get them from herbal medicines like vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements are all medicines. They are called complementary medicine.

Medicine is a drug that can help if the among of medicine is right people take medicine because they want to get better if they have illness they want to feel relieved of their pain even for temporary.

Different medicines do different things. Some are meant to treat illness or injuries. Some are meant to prevent illnesses or maintain health and well being. Others are meant to ease the problems caused by an illness or injury.

We get medicine from the pharmacists with a prescription from a  doctor/dentist/physician/medical practitioner. Also we get some OTC medicine without prescription. Pharmacist’s role is vital in health care system through the medicine and information they provide.

Major responsibility include range of care of patients from dispensing medication to monitoring patients, from dispensing medication to monitoring patients health’s and progress to maximize their response to the medication.

Pharmacists also educate consumer and patients on the use of prescription and over the counter and advice physician, nurse and other health preffessional on drug decision.

In united states, ACPE (Aceredition Council for Pharmacy Education) accredited doctorate of pharmacy (Pharm D ) is currently the only degree accepted by the national associate of boards of pharmacy (NABP) to be eligible to sit for the north America pharmacists. Licensure examination (NAPLEX) previously the United States has a five years bachelor’s degree in pharmacy.

 

SOME DIFFERENCE S IN PHARM D AND M PHARM

Pharm D: doctor degree which is highly integrated in depth course in clinical pharmacy.

Work areas: 

Ø  Hospital

Ø  Health care industries

Ø  Retail outlets

Ø  Consulting

                               Major work functional area:

Ø  Patient counseling.

Ø  Consulting.

Ø  Patient history and record keeping.

Ø  Maintain records of medicine and its after effects.

Ø  Advise safe usage of administration of drugs etc.

 

M.Pharm

Master in pharmacy is specific subject like Pharmacology, Chemistry, analysis etc

Work areas:

Ø  Pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Ø  Biotec industries.

Ø  Medical instrument making.

Ø  FDA

      Major work function areas:

Ø  Analysis and testing.

Ø  Quality control.

Ø  Quality assurance.

Ø  Sales and marketing.

Ø  Clinical research etc.

In context of Nepal, Pharm D is a new course. Kathmandu University have started 3 years course (post Baccalaureate) Pharm D.

In Nepal there is no any 6 years Pharm D course till now.

In context of giving authority (adhikarikta) by Nepal pharmacy council a diploma pharmacy to assistant pharmacist, bachelor’s pharmacy to pharmacists and master in pharmacist to sr. pharmacist, how Nepal pharmacy council would take the Pharm. D course?

How Nepal government will establish Pharm.D course? Where and how Nepal government will create the environment of employment?

How government and private medical college and teaching hostital will give Pharm D course an permanency (istayetwo)?

One good thing, MMIHS which is a part of NEHCO Nepal had open the job vacancy for Pharm D. NEHCO Nepal might be the first organization which welcome Pharm D in such a way.

 If any Query Please feel free to contact as following

Mr. Chiranjibi Chudal

9851018545

Comments

  1. bhai chutiya banauna lekheko... pharm d ko importance lai highlight nagarera wikipedia bata copy paste hanne....

    ReplyDelete
    Replies
    1. Yo post chutiya banauu na lai haina solti... Information dina lai post gareko mero sathi le.... Nepal ma pharm. D ko scope na vayera.... Sabai lai yo post bata information dina ko lagi google ma haliyeko ho...

      Delete
  2. A school turns into the second home for a youngster. So the teachers ought to be sufficiently https://www.smartpaperhelp.com/essay-writing-help protective to sustain the natural possibilities of the tyke with outrageous care and ideal concern.

    ReplyDelete
  3. Under Obama's new ESSA schools http://www.cbs8.com/story/36396214/bestessayeducation-announces-scholarship-essay-contest were presently permitted to back off on a portion of the testing.

    ReplyDelete
  4. As a way to deal with social learning, education for economical advancement likewise envelops the extensive variety of learning exercises in essential college courses

    ReplyDelete
  5. I have also taught in multiple special education behavioral self-contained schools that totally separated these troubled students with disabilities in managing their behavior from their mainstream peers by putting them in completely different buildings that were sometimes even in different towns from their homes, friends and peers.essay writers

    ReplyDelete
  6. Under Obama's new ESSA schools were currently permitted to back off on a portion of the testing.CENTRAL KENYA Ideally, the state sanctioned testing furor has been placed under tight restraints.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Enhancing the quality and disclosure of education and reorienting its objectives to perceive the significance of reasonelectrical installation
    able improvement must be among society's most elevated needs. It isn't that we talk just about condition yet in addition about each segment of life.

    ReplyDelete
  8. 6. Great site. A lot of helpful info here. I¡¯m sending it to some pals ans additionally sharing in delicious. And obviously, thank you on your sweat! vivekanand international school

    ReplyDelete
  9. Hi there! I study your content from a long time. christian school in east delhi I still prefer doing it because I nonetheless find out something hot and special. I am actually thankful that you submit that content.

    ReplyDelete
  10. B pharmacy lai pharm d Kati year ko hunxa

    ReplyDelete
  11. We need to get the best education that is moderate without yielding quality. Maybe your decision of school is influenced by the extent of money related associate projects accessible and how much a school will give budgetary help to students.

    ReplyDelete
  12. specifically drug stores with an associations with a doctor, which permit the shopper to totally sidestep the customary physical drug stores, with the additional buy modvigil in usa

    ReplyDelete
  13. You actually make it look so easy with your performance but I find this matter to be actually something which I think I would never comprehend. It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me. I'm looking forward for your next post, I’ll try to get the hang of it! Get admission in Canada

    ReplyDelete
  14. You can use ribbon as trim. It helps getting finished touch. They are also available in different colors. Glitter for crafts

    ReplyDelete
  15. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here keep up the good work cfa study material

    ReplyDelete
  16. buy Adderall online at your door step from one & only trusted pharma in this ERA. Buying Adderall 30mg with Credit card.

    ReplyDelete
  17. Nepal ma Pharm.D ko clz khulxa ki nai hola

    ReplyDelete
  18. Nepal ma pharm D college xa ki xina

    ReplyDelete
  19. I have seen some great stuff here. Worth bookmarking for revisiting. I surprise how much effort you put to create such a great informative website. Your work is truly appreciated around the clock and the globe. compress pdf online

    ReplyDelete
  20. Only strive to mention one's content can be as incredible. This clarity with your post is superb! Thanks a lot, hundreds of along with you should go on the pleasurable get the job done. compress pdf online

    ReplyDelete
  21. i am always looking for some free stuffs over the internet. there are also some companies which gives free samples. psd letter

    ReplyDelete
  22. Hi there! Nice stuff, do keep me posted when you post again something like this! 메이저사이트

    ReplyDelete
  23. Good website! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day! 토토커뮤니티

    ReplyDelete
  24. Nice to be visiting your blog once more, it has been months for me. Well this article that ive been waited for therefore long. i want this article to finish my assignment within the faculty, and it has same topic together with your article. Thanks, nice share. 바카라사이트

    ReplyDelete
  25. Hi there! Nice post! Please tell us when I will see a follow up! Glary Utilities Pro Keygen

    ReplyDelete
  26. An interesting dialogue is price comment. I feel that it is best to write more on this matter, it may not be a taboo topic however usually individuals are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers. 카지노사이트

    ReplyDelete
  27. i am always looking for some free stuffs over the internet. there are also some companies which gives free samples. putlockers downloader

    ReplyDelete
  28. You have done a great job on this article. It’s very readable and highly intelligent. You have even managed to make it understandable and easy to read. You have some real writing talent. Thank you. nrp certification online

    ReplyDelete
  29. Good website! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified whenever a new post has been made. I have subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day! North American Bancard Agent

    ReplyDelete
  30. This is very educational content and written well for a change. It's nice to see that some people still understand how to write a quality post.! southfreak

    ReplyDelete
  31. Succeed! It could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on the subject. Excellent info! I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort very well. Thanks for the huge help. mask extender

    ReplyDelete
  32. If more people that write articles involved themselves with writing great content like you, more readers would be interested in their writings. I have learned too many things from your article. 릴게임

    ReplyDelete
  33. Good post but I was wondering if you could write a litte more on this subject? I’d be very thankful if you could elaborate a little bit further. Appreciate it! 먹튀사이트

    ReplyDelete
  34. I know this is one of the most meaningful information for me. And I'm animated reading your article. But should remark on some general things, the website style is perfect; the articles are great. Thanks for the ton of tangible and attainable help. 토토커뮤니티

    ReplyDelete
  35. Took me time to read all the comments, but I really enjoyed the article. It proved to be Very helpful to me and I am sure to all the commenters here! It’s always nice when you can not only be informed, but also entertained! 88카

    ReplyDelete
  36. Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place.. FilmHD4U

    ReplyDelete
  37. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. From the tons of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one having all the enjoyment here! keep up the good work... 대전1인샵

    ReplyDelete
  38. I can see that you are an expert at your field! I am launching a website soon, and your information will be very useful for me.. Thanks for all your help and wishing you all the success in your business. https://westasianetwork.com/ashford-formula-abu-dhabi.php

    ReplyDelete
  39. You completed a few fine points there. I did a search on the subject and found nearly all persons will go along with with your blog. US Visa ESTA

    ReplyDelete
  40. Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Extremely useful info specially the last part I care for such information a lot. I was seeking this certain info for a long time. Thank you and good luck. slot gacor

    ReplyDelete
  41. Super-Duper site! I am Loving it!! Will come back again, Im taking your feed also, Thanks. Zahtjev za vizu u Indiji

    ReplyDelete
  42. Very interesting discussion glad that I came across such informative post. Keep up the good work friend. Glad to be part of your net community. kanadas visum

    ReplyDelete
  43. Wow! This could be one of the most useful blogs we have ever come across on thesubject. Actually excellent info! I’m also an expert in this topic so I can understand your effort. 陽痿治療

    ReplyDelete
  44. This blog is so nice to me. I will keep on coming here again and again. Visit my link as well.. 印度簽證

    ReplyDelete
  45. Really a great addition. I have read this marvelous post. Thanks for sharing information about it. I really like that. Thanks so lot for your convene. INDIAN VISA FOR NEW ZEALAND CITIZENS

    ReplyDelete
  46. Very interesting discussion glad that I came across such informative post. Keep up the good work friend. Glad to be part of your net community. 사설토토

    ReplyDelete
  47. Very interesting discussion glad that I came across such informative post. Keep up the good work friend. Glad to be part of your net community. 먹튀검증업체

    ReplyDelete
  48. Hello,is pharmD course available in Nepal?

    ReplyDelete
  49. ambbets.com เว็บที่สุดของเกมสล็อตออนไลน์ สล็อตเเตกง่าย เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์ หนึ่งเดียวในไทย ที่มีเกมสล็อตให้เลือกเล่นเยอะที่สุด !! สล็อตครบทุกค่ายชั้นนำ เกมสล็อตลิขสิทธิ์เเท้ 100% เล่นได้ทุกเกม เล่นสล็อตได้ทุกเกม สล็อตไม่ต้องทำเทิร์น ถอนได้ไม่อั้น ถอนฟรีไม่มีขั้นต่ำ ผู้เล่นใหม่เล่นได้สบายๆ มีทีมงานพร้อมให้บริการ 24 ชั่วโมง.

    ReplyDelete
  50. Buy Mephedrone powder online With over 15 years of experience exclusively servicing patients, we are experts at what we do and look forward to serving you. Where to buy Crystal Meth online

    ReplyDelete
  51. https://everydaychemshop.com/it/product/acquistare-pentobarbital-sodio-liquido-orale-online/

    Wir achten darauf, dass wir die Qualität und Reinheit unserer Produkte erhalten.

    Check out more Acquista pentobarbital sodico per via orale online

    Check out more Acquista pentobarbital sodico per via orale online

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) meets in Kathmandu to tackle air pollution

डा.भट्टराई, 'क्रान्ति'को कार्यकाल कति हो ?