Bhutan, India, and Nepal agree on a regional cooperation framework for conservation and development in the Kangchenjunga Landscape

 

Kathmandu : Nepal, India and Bhutan have agreed on a regional cooperation framework for conservation and development in the Kangchenjunga Landscape. About 60 representatives, including high-level government officials from Bhutan, India and Nepal — the three member countries of the Kangchenjunga Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and strategic development partners Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) and the Austrian Development Agency (ADA), met for the conclusion of the one-and-a-half year preparatory phase of the Kangchenjunga Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative (KLCDI). The meeting, jointly organized by the Government of Nepal’s Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MOFSC) and ICIMOD, was held from 23 to 24 February at the ICIMOD Headquarters.

 During the meeting, partners consolidated the activities of the initiative’s preparatory phase and apprised country delegates of the outputs and content of a draft framework for regional cooperation, which takes into account the need for greater collaboration across borders, as well as opportunities for socioeconomic development at the landscape level. “Having taken these key steps, we can now move into the implementation of coordinated activities for the conservation and sustainable development of this important landscape”, said Nakul Chettri, KLCDI Programme Coordinator.

 ”It is very important for us to generate on-the-ground impacts to support adaptation and resilience among the communities living in the Kangchenjunga landscape”, said David Molden, Director General of ICIMOD. He also encouraged the initiative partners to use the knowledge and data resources ICIMOD has made available, in particular for geospatial and cryosphere analysis.

 The three member countries proposed an area of about 25,000 km², covering parts of eastern Nepal, Sikkim and the northern part of West Bengal in India, and western Bhutan, to be included in the Kangchenjunga landscape, one of the seven transboundary landscapes identified by ICIMOD with its regional partner countries for prioritizing conservation and development programmes in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region.

 The landscape is one of the richest areas on earth in terms of plant and animal species. There are 19 protected areas in the landscape covering 30% of the total area. More than 4,500 species of flowering plants have been recorded from the region, and there are more than 400 varieties of orchids and 40 varieties of rhododendrons. This region is also home to charismatic wildlife species such as the snow leopard, musk deer, red panda, Asian elephant, one-horned rhinoceros, and Bengal tiger. Many of these wildlife species are endangered and, if proper conservation mechanisms are not put into place, vulnerable to extinction.

 ”Nepal is privileged to be part of this transboundary landscape initiative, which will provide a platform for the collaborative efforts needed to address regional issues such as human-wildlife conflicts and the illegal trade of threatened species”, said Sharad Chandra Paudel, Secretary at the MOFSC.

 Dr JR Bhatt, Advisor at the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, Government of India highlighted binding factors for people living within the Kangchenjunga landscape: the commonality of their cultures and their respect for nature. ”We need to shift to a more participatory approach and involve communities so that they have more ownership and responsibility for managing their biodiversity resources”, he said. He also emphasized the strength of the landscape approach being applied in this initiative, and the opportunities it would provide in creating important transboundary corridors to connect not only large and charismatic wildlife species, but also many small mammals and plant species.

 Reaffirming the commitment of the Royal Government of Bhutan to the Kangchenjunga Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative, Dasho Tenzin Dhendup, Secretary at the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests said, ”Biodiversity, wildlife, and nature do not recognize political boundaries; therefore, all the countries in the Kangchenjunga landscape need to work together to ensure that we can hand over a well-conserved landscape to our future generations”. Mr Dhendup also highlighted the need to use new and scientific knowledge in conservation and development efforts, but not without forgetting the traditional knowledge of the people in the landscape.

”The regional framework for cooperation prepared during this meeting will be the basis for implementing the subsequent phases of the Kangchenjunga Landscape Conservation and Development Initiative. Through this collaboration, we will be able to produce positive outcomes”, said Basanta Shrestha, Director of Strategic Cooperation, ICIMOD.

 “We need to be innovative in order to adapt to a changing environment”, said Dr Eklabya Sharma, Director of Programme Operations at ICIMOD, adding, “Cooperation in transboundary landscapes like Kangchenjunga provides us with an opportunity to work together to find new solutions to emerging challenges”.

 During the workshop, the book Kangchenjunga Landscape Nepal from Conservation and Development Perspectives – published by the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation in collaboration with the Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology and ICIMOD – was jointly launched by  Mr Sharad Chandra Paudel, Dasho Tenzin Dhendup, and Dr JR Bhatt.

 

 

(25 February 2015, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal)

 

Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) meets in Kathmandu to tackle air pollution

Prof. Dr. Govind Raj Pokharel, Vice Chair of  National Planning Commission addressing the programme. Photo :ICIMOD

Over 100 state and non-state partners of the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) met in Kathmandu to develop a five-year strategic plan of action today. The plan will enable us to stay on the pathway of limiting global warming to 2°C, harness health, food, and energy benefits, and spur sustainable development.

 Having just celebrated its third anniversary, the CCAC is looking at ways of improving on its past successes by raising the ambitions of the Coalition’s members and catalysing different sectors to participate in its initiatives in order to drive real reductions in short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) over the next five years and beyond.

The meeting, hosted by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), covered some of the pressing issues in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region. Climate change is happening faster and in a dramatically more visible manner in the Earth’s cryosphere – regions of ice and snow – than anywhere else on earth. The mountains of this region store more freshwater in the form of ice and snow than any other region outside the poles: nearly 10% of the global total, impacting up to 40% of the world’s population. Outdoor air pollution levels in this region exceed World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 10 μg/m³ by a factor of 8, contributing to roughly 2 million premature deaths annually in Asia alone. Globally, indoor and outdoor air pollution contributes to 7 million premature deaths every year.

 Speaking at the opening ceremony, Govind Raj Pokharel, Vice Chair of Nepal’s National Planning Commission (NPC), said that the Nepal government is working to reduce short-lived climate pollutants like black carbon, as well as to reduce biomass burning through improved cooking stoves. The goal is to make Nepal indoor pollution free by 2017. He stressed the need for regional and international cooperation. “Combating pollution demands regional efforts,” he said. “More international funding needs to be allocated for cleaner alternatives such as improved cooking energy sources.” Mr Pokharel also thanked organizations like ICIMOD for carrying out research that can inform national policy makers. “While Nepal has not yet joined this coalition, we will initiate the process to become a member so that we can both contribute to and take advantage of the opportunities provided by this group”, he added.

 Special events were held to find ways to promote two important issues – preventing open burning of agricultural waste and residues, and improving brick production – on the political agenda, and to identify and disseminate sound practices and technologies.

Brick production is a major source of black carbon and other short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs). Asian countries account for 90% of the 1.5 trillion bricks produced every year. In light of this fact, CCAC and ICIMOD hosted another workshop from 18 to 20 February on Brick Kiln Policy and Advocacy Network (PAN). The workshop aimed to improve brick kiln policy by taking into account the economic, technological, environmental, and social context of each country and setting up a plan to take PAN forward. It was noted that emissions could be reduced by 10-15% with the use of more efficient technologies, mainly during the firing of bricks.

 At the opening of the workshop, Honourable Chandra Maharjan, a Constituent Assembly member who is also a brick kiln entrepreneur, stressed the need to encourage the public to use bricks produced from cleaner kilns by introducing policies like annual home tax refunds. The workshop provided a platform for exploring effective policies and sharing experiences of implementing efficient energies in the brick sector in Asia, Latin America and Africa. Participants discussed regulatory frameworks for devising effective policies for transforming the brick-making sector in the three target regions, as well as identified experts from India, Pakistan, Vietnam, Nepal and Bangladesh who are willing to join the network.

 The open burning of agricultural waste and residues is another major source of black carbon emissions. Open burning maps based on satellite data have been produced to better understand the timing and origins of burning in two target regions – the Andes and the Himalayas – month by month from 2003 to 2013. For the Himalayan region, the maps show that burning is most prevalent in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Mongolia, Nepal, and Pakistan.

 At a conference held in Kathmandu on 20-21 February, experts in the region explored alternative no-burn methods and options to reduce open burning of the most common crops. They identified potential solutions such as alternative agricultural practices and the conversion of waste and residues to biogas, providing a local source of energy.

 In his presentation, Dr Svante Bodin from the International Cryosphere Climate Initiative (ICCI) stressed the importance of involving local communities in achieving environment targets. He said that the CCAC scoping project in the Himalayan Region would seek to “answer basic questions like where and when the burning take place, identify the crops that are being burned, the farmers’ reason/s for burning particular crops/lands, and possible alternatives.” Hanne Bjurstrom, Norway’s Special Envoy for Climate Change and Co-chair of the CCAC’s Working Group, said that the development of the CCAC’s five-year strategic plan is an important milestone for the Coalition. “The strategic plan will raise the ambitions of the Coalition’s members, catalyse different sectors to participate in pollution reduction initiatives and drive real reductions in short-lived climate pollutants over the next five years and beyond,” Ms Bjurstrom said.  

-24 February 2015, Kathmandu, Nepal -
(This is the full text of the statement issued by  International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD today)-Editor). 

Indian Connection with Mullah Fazal Ullah

-SK Sharma-

In recent history, Pakistan has suffered the most both in terms of human and material losses in the ongoing global war against terror as it become a frontline state after 9/11. As a consequence of American invasion of Afghanistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, bordering Afghanistan, including North and South Waziristan, become a sanctuary for a huge number of Afghan and foreign militants from across the border, they formed different groups and indulged in terrorist activities in Pakistan independently or in coordination with others.

            India which has never accepted Pakistan’s independence has been making efforts from the outset to weaken and destabilize Pakistan. Be it occupation of Kashmir by Indian troops or Indian hand in formation of Bangladesh, New Delhi has never let an opportunity let go to harm Pakistan. As Pakistan is engaged in wiping out terrorism, India has developed nexus with these groups so that terrorist attacks in Pakistan can be planned and executed.

Recently, US Secretary of State John Kerry took Modi to the woodshed with "hard evidence" of India's continuing support of the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and its chief Mullah Fazlullah currently sheltered in Afghanistan.  The US has since put Mullah Fazlullah on its most wanted terrorist list. The media report quoting high placed sources confirmed and US team started deliberations with Modi and his team in a very polite manner but the heat was generated when Indian side completely refused to admit having any role in TTP led terrorism in Pakistan. “The atmosphere in the room after Kerry and Modi had lunch together, changed when Premier Modi very blatantly stated that he and his government was so shocked to hear about the Peshawar School Terror that the schools and both the houses of the Parliament observed moment of silence to mourn the Peshawar School Terror and thus there could be no Indian hand involved in it.” In response, the sources say, Americans "got furious and showed some hard evidences of Mulla Fazalulla and RAW nexus in Afghanistan to influx terror in Pakistan. The American side took the Indian side quite aggressively and also snubbed Modi over the highly objectionable role of his National Security Advisor Ajit Kumar Doval ".

The reports adds: "Modi and his team were grilled over the admissions of Ajit Doval of funding and utilizing TTP terrorists to destabilize Pakistan and Modi was asked to tame Doval and Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) both in this direction. Modi was told to end India’s patronization of Mulla Fazalulla in Afghanistan and it was made it clear to Modi and his team that the US was about to place Mulla Fazalulla on list of global terrorists and an Indian pampering of him would jeopardize the US-India relations ".

Recent terrorist attack in a school in Peshawar has crossed all limits of in humanity what is surfacing now is RAW TTP nexus behind Peshawar School Attack.  Pakistan has traced the telephonic discussion of militants who attacked on school in Peshawar. Evidences were found that RAW TTP nexus  is involved in this incident.

Pakistan Army Chief General Raheel Sharif in his visit to Kabul  presented evidence about involvement of RAW and Afghan intelligence and connection of TTP with Indian consulates. Strong evidences were found for involvement of (National Directorate of Security) NDS and its strong ties with TTP leaders. Lately it has also surfaced further that Narendra Modi’s National Defense Secretary also visited Kandhar for a meeting arranged by Afghanistans National Directorate of Security and met with TTP leaders to activate terrorist activities in Pakistan.

We should also not forget that former US Secretary of State, Chuck Hegel had also accused India of exporting terrorism to Pakistan via Afghanistan and his remarks in this regard are still on official record which says; “India has over the years financed problems for Pakistan”, “India for some time has always used Afghanistan as a second front”

In reality, India is continuously promoting instability in Pakistan by financing and abetting terrorists in various parts of the country through Afghanistan. Being in geographical contiguity with Afghanistan, the provinces of Balochistan, KPK and FATA has been directly affected by the activities from across the Pak – Afghan border. Besides Hegal, there are many more officials and analysts who pointed out Indian involvement towards destabilization of Pakistan through Afghan soil. In this regards, Christine Fair, a US based writer and fellow of RAND Corporation, highlighted a few years back in Foreign Policy magazine about the anti – Pakistan activities of RAW in Indian Embassy at Kabul, Indian Consulates in bordering cities of Afghanistan and even Indian Consulate in the Iranian border city of Zahidan. She wrote that, “Having visited the Indian mission in Zahedan, Iran, I can assure you they are not issuing visas as the main activity. Moreover, India has run operations from its mission in Mazar (through which it supported the Northern Alliance) and is likely doing so from the other Consulates it has reopened in Jalalabad and Kandahar along the border”. India has been providing a huge amount for the training of Baloch sub nationalists. Indeed, the so called missing Baloch youth undergo training in various parts of Afghanistan under Indian spying agency RAW and cross over to Pakistan for the terrorists activities.

There are signs that India has stepped up its covert war against Pakistan since the election of the Hindu Nationalist government of Prime Minister Modi. The first sign is the appointment of an anti-Pakistan hawk Ajit Doval as Modi's National Security Advisor. As a key part of his long service to India's intelligence establishment, Doval says he served as an undercover RAW agent in Pakistan for seven years. Given all the circumstantial evidence of Indian support of Baloch insurgents' and TTP's war against Pakistan,  the Pakistan can launch further counterinsurgency operations like ZarbeAzb  to stop the Indian funded terrorists committing innocent civilian carnage on  streets and schools.

The overall counterinsurgency strategy of the international community must include serious efforts to cut off support and funding for the TTP and the Baloch insurgents from  external sources, and disruption of the Indian intelligence network operating against Pakistan from Afghanistan. Pakistan’s Military Spokesman Major General Asim Saleem Bajwa while giving updates on operation Zarb-e-Azb and developments on investigation into Peshawar School terrorist attack  said that the militants involved in the Army Public School (APS) massacre have been identified and smashed, revealed that nine out of 27 terrorists involved in an attack on APS have been killed and six  others were apprehended . “Two more culprits, including Mulla Fazlullah and Umar Ameer are still in Afghanistan.  He further informed the media that they intercepted vital information which proved that the APS attack was carried out on the directions of Mulla Fazlullah, who through Umar Ameer supervised the attack. He also said that India is funding banned organization Tehreek-e-Taliban (TTP) in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan. He said that a banned outfit cannot function on such a big scale unless foreign powers are funding it. “India has been conducting illegal activities in Pakistan for a long time,”

International community needs to realize and expose Indian covert activities to establish regional hegemony. Pakistan is not the only victim of these Indian in machinations but almost every country of South Asia has been suffering at hands of India.

यही बेला किन बोले पूर्वराजा ?

'गिरिजाबाबुले आस्वासन दिएकै हो 

 -कुमुद लोहनी, गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला निकट नेता-

माओवादी आएपछि सम्झौता तोडियो

              ज्ञानेन्द्रका तत्कालीन एडीसी   टीका धमला,

(पूर्वराजाको घोषणाको पूर्णविवरणसहित)

-पर्शुराम काफ्ले-

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पूर्वराजा ज्ञानेन्द्र शाहले राजनीतिक दलहरु र उनीबीच दोस्रो जनआन्दोलनको समाप्तिअघि समझदारी भएको तर्फ आम नेपालीहरुको ध्यान केन्द्रित गर्दै सम्बन्धित दलहरुलाई कार्यान्वयनको माग गरेका छन् । ६ फागुनमा प्रजातन्त्र दिवसका अबसरमा दिएको सन्देशमा पूर्वराजाले दलहरुसँग भएको सहमति के थियो भन्ने नखुलाई कार्यान्वयनको माग गरेका छन् । संविधान निर्माणमा अबरोध उत्पन्न भइरहेको, एमाओवादीले कांग्रेस र एमाले विस्तृत शान्ति सम्झौताभन्दा पछि फर्किन खोजेको आरोप लगाइरहको र भारतीय जनता पार्टीका बरिष्ठतम नेताहरुले नेपालमा आएर हिन्दु राष्ट्रसहित राजसंस्थाको औचित्यका बारेमा कुरा गरिरहेका बेला पूर्वराजाको भनाई सार्वजनिक हुनुलाई महत्वपूर्ण मानिएको छ ।

कांग्रेस, एमालेसहित तत्कालीन आन्दोलनरत सात दल र पूर्वराजाबीचको समझदारीका आधारमा २०६३ वैशाख ११ गते प्रतिनिधिसभा पुनस्र्थापन भएसँगै दोस्रो जनआन्दोलन अन्त्य भएको थियो । पूर्वराजाले पछिल्लोपटक हरेक राजनीतिक परिवर्तनलाई सहजरुपमा स्वीकार गर्दै गद्दि छाड्नुलाई रहस्यका रुपमा लिइरहेका जमातहरुका लागि उनको पछिल्लो खुलासा थप जिज्ञासा भएको छ ।

‘तत्कालीन राजनीतिक दलहरु र मेरा बीच प्रजातन्त्रको मूल्य र मान्यतामा आधारित जेजति सहमति, समझदारी एवं व्यवस्थापकीय गतिविधि भएका थिए, तिनको स्मरण र अनुसरण गर्दै त्यसलाई सहीरुप्मा मुलुकलाई दिगो शान्ति, स्थायित्व र सम्बृद्धितर्फ अघि बढाउन सकेमा नै आजको पुनित दिवसको सार्थकता रहन्छ’ पूर्वराजाले जारी गरेको सन्देशमा उल्लेख छ । राजाको शाही घोषणाका आधारमा पुनस्र्थापित संसदले त्यतिबेला कांग्रेस सभापति गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालालाई प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गरेको थियो । कोइरालाले नारायणहिटी दरवारमा तत्कालीन राजा ज्ञानेन्द्रबाट शपथ लिएका थिए । 
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दरवारका लागि सहजता

-तत्कालीन सात दलको संविधानसभामा दुईतिहाई मत
-भारतीय जनता पार्टीको सद्भाव
-संविधान निर्माणमा कांग्रेस–एमाले र एमाओवादी मिल्नै नसकने अवस्था
-धर्मनिरपेक्षताविरुद्ध प्रमुख दलमा उत्पन्न धु्रवीकरण

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त्यसपछिका राजनीतिक घटनाक्रममा पूर्वराजाले कहिल्यै पनि सार्वजनिक असन्तुष्टि जनाएर विरोध गरेका छैनन् । उनले २०६५ जेठ १५ गते मुलुकमा संविधानसभाबाट गणतन्त्र घोषणा भएपछि त्यसलाई जनताको निर्णय भन्दै कार्यान्वयन गरेका थिए । उनले सहजरुपमा नारायणहिटी राजदरबार छाडेर नागार्जुनस्थित निजि निवास सरेका थिए भने सञ्चारमाध्यमसँग उनले आफ्नो भूमिका जनताको चाहनामा भर पर्ने बताउँदै आएका छन् । पूर्वराजाले सहमति कार्यान्वयनका लागि तत्कालीन सात दललाई लक्षित गर्दै पहिलोपटक आग्रह गरेका हुन् । वर्तमान संविधानसभामा तत्कालीन सात दलको दुईतिहाई मत छ । योसहित भारतको सकारात्मक  दृष्टिकोण रहेका बेला पूर्वराजाले एउटा राजनीतिक कार्डका रुपमा यो तुरुप प्रयोग गरेको विश्लेषण पनि हुन थालेको छ ।

पूर्वराजाले विगतमा सञ्चारमाध्यमहरुलाई दिएको अन्तर्वार्तामा तत्कालीन सात दल र आफूबीच राजसंस्थाको निरन्तरताका बिषयमा सम्झौता भएको तर एमाओवादी शान्तिपूर्ण राजनीतिमा आएपछि त्यो कार्यान्वयन नभएको उल्लेख गर्दै आएका छन् । तत्कालीन गृहमन्त्री रहेका राप्रपा नेपालका अध्यक्ष कमल थापाले पनि राजसंस्था राख्ने सहमति तत्कालीन सात दलले तोडेको टिप्पणि गर्दै आएका छन् ।

पूर्वराजाले २००७ सालमा प्रजातन्त्रको जग बसाउने कार्यमा पूर्वराजा त्रिभुवन, तत्कालीन शहीदहरु र आफ्नोसमेत भूमिका रहेको विज्ञप्तिमा उल्लेख गरेका छन् । आफूले बाल्यकालमा तयार गराएको प्रजातन्त्रको कार्यविधिले प्रजातन्त्रलाई बलियो बनाएको पनि उनको जिकिर छ ।  ‘६४ बर्षअघि हाम्रा जिज्युबुबाले र ९ बर्षअघिको बर्षारम्भमै म स्वयम्ले गरेगराएको कार्यविधि पनि प्रजातन्त्र र त्यसको आधार राष्ट्रियतालाई बलियो बनाउने कदम थियो भन्ने कुरा म पुन: स्मरण गराउन चाहन्छु’ पूर्वराजाले सन्देशमा भनेका छन् ।

मुलुकको भूबनौट, राष्ट्रिय समाजको स्वरुप, धर्म र परम्पराका आधारमा अघि बढ्नुपर्नेमा जोड दिएका छन् । प्रजातन्त्र दिवसका अबसरमा बुधवार जारी सन्देशमा पूर्वराजाले अन्यौल र कचिंगलमा समय व्यतित नगर्न उनले आग्रह गरेका छन् । तर उनले कुनै दलको नाम लिएका छैनन् ।

‘निषेध, विभेद, अन्यौल अलमल र कचिगंल मै समय विताउनुभन्दा राष्ट्रको भूवनौट, राष्ट्रिय समाजको स्वरुप र राष्ट्रिय धर्म, परम्परा र मर्मलाई स्पर्श गरेर सही दिग्दर्शन गर्नेतर्फ अगाडि बढ्नु नै आजको आवश्यकता हो’ पूर्वराजाको सन्देशमा उल्लेख छ । आफूसँगको समझदारीका आधारमा मुलुकले मूल कानून निर्माण होस् र मुलुकमा स्थिरता होस् भन्नेसमेत उनको कामना छ । ‘नेपालको मूल कानून परिपूर्णरुपमा आवस्, मुलुकको राज्यव्यवस्थाले स्थिरता र गतिशिलता प्राप्त गरोस्, यही मेरो शुभकामना छ’ पूर्वराजाले भनेका छन् । पूर्वराजा र पूर्वप्रधानमन्त्री गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालाबीच भएको भनिएको सम्झौताको बिषयमा सम्वद्ध दलका नेताहरु अहिले मौन छन् । कोइरालाको निधन भइसकेको छ भने पूर्वराजाले देखाएको असहज व्यवहारका कारण एमालेका तत्कालीन महासचिव माधवकुमार नेपालले सम्झौता भएको बिषयलाई अस्वीकार गर्दै आएका छन् । तर पूर्वप्रधानसेनापति रुक्मांगद कटवाल, गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालाका निकट राजनीतिक कार्यकर्ता कुमुद लोहनी, पूर्वराजाका एडीसी सेनाका तत्कालीन उपरथी टीका धमलाले राजा र सात दलबीच सहमति भएको बताउँदै आएका छन् ।
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गिरिजाबाबुले आस्वासन दिएकै हो

                       -कुमुद लोहनी, गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला निकट नेता-

राजा ज्ञानेन्द्रले दरबार छाड्नु सवा महिनाअघि भेटेँ । पौने चार घण्टा कुराकानी गरेँ । उहाँलाई पनि घेरेर राखेका रहेछन् । कांग्रेस दुस्मन हो भनेर मिस्गाइड गरेका रहेछन् । म गिरिजाबाबुलाई सोधेर गएको थिएँ । मैले भनेँ, ‘डिप्लोमेसी खेलिबक्स्योस् ।’ राजाले भन्नुभयो, ‘लोहनीजी मैले तपाईँको कुरा बुझैँ । चाबी गिरिजाबाबुको गोजीमा छ । मिलाउनुस् । तपाईँले भनेका सबै कुरा मान्न तयार छु । तपाईँको फोन आयो भने राती १२ बजे पनि उठाउन तयार छु ।’ यहाँभन्दा उहाँले कति भन्ने रु गिरिजाबाबु प्रधानमन्त्री भइसक्नुभएको थियो । मैले गिरिजाबाबुलाई भेटको सबै कुरा सुनाएँ । उहाँले भन्नुभयो, ‘म राजसंस्थालाई पनि एड्जस्ट गर्छु ।’
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 माओवादी आएपछि सम्झौता तोडियो

अवकासप्राप्त उपरथी टीका धमला,

 ज्ञानेन्द्रका तत्कालीन एडीसी

राजासँग आन्दोलनरत सात पार्टीको समझदारीका आधारमा त्यतिबेला संसदको पुनस्र्थापना भएको हो । संसद पुनस्र्थापना गर्ने संविधानमा काहिँ ठाउँ नभए पनि राजाबाट त्यो कदम सहमतिका आधरमा लिइएको थियो । २०४७ सालको संविधानअन्तर्गत नै तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइरालाले दरवारमा गएर राजासँग शपथ खानुभएको थियो । त्यतिबेला सात पार्टी र राजाबीच अब कसरी जाने भन्ने कुराको मार्गचित्र बनेको थियो र त्यही विश्वासका आधारमा राजाबाट संसद पुनस्र्थापित भएको थियो । तर जब एमालेको सिटसंख्या सरह माओवादीहरुलाई संसदमा प्रवेश गराइयो र जेठ ११ गते राजाको अधिकार कटौति गर्ने, राष्ट्रिय गान फेर्नेजस्ता काम भए त्यसपछिका घटनाक्रममा पूर्वराजाको संलग्नता छैन । त्यही दिनदेखि पूर्वराजासँगका सबै सम्झौता कार्यान्वयन गर्न दलहरु चुकेका हुन् । अहिले पूर्वराजाबाट त्यही कुरा दोहोर्‍याउन खोजिएको हो । त्योबेला के के सम्झौता भएको हो, सम्झौताकारीहरुले जान्ने र स्मरण गर्ने कुरा हो ।
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पुर्व श्री ५ महाराजाधिराज ज्ञानेन्द्र वीर बिक्रम शाहदेवबाट ६५ औं राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र दिवसका अबसरमा बक्सेको शुभकामना

प्यारा नेपाली दिदीबहिनी तथा दाजुभाइ,

६५औं प्रजातन्त्र दिवसको यस अवसरमा म समस्त नेपालीहरुमा हार्दिक शूभकामना व्यक्त गर्दछु । आज भन्दा ६४ बर्ष अघि प्रजातन्त्र प्रेमी जनता र राजाको समन्वयकारी सत् प्रयासबाट नेपाली जमीन र जनजिवनमा प्रजातन्त्रको विजारोपण भएको हो । प्रजातन्त्रको लागि त्याग र उदारता प्रस्तूत गर्ने हाम्रा जिज्युबूवा राष्ट्र््रपिता स्व.श्री ५त्रिभूवन र वलिदान एवं जीवन उत्सर्ग गर्ने शहिदहरु प्रति म हार्दिक श्रद्धाभाव र श्रद्धाञ्जली प्रकट गर्दछु ।

प्रजातन्त्र राष्ट्रको अलंकार हो र जनता जनार्दनको भाग्य भविष्यको आधार हो । राज्य संचालन र विधि व्यवस्थापनका निम्ति चाहिने मूख्य विषय आपसी सूझबूझ, समझदारी र अनूभवयूक्त प्रयत्न हो । निषेध, विभेद, अन्यौल, अलमल र कचिंगल मै समय विताउनु भन्दा राष्ट्रको भूवनोट, राष्ट्रिय समाजको स्वरुप र राष्ट्रिय धर्म, परम्परा र मर्मलाई स्पर्श गरेर सहि दिग्दर्शन गर्नेतर्फ अगाडि बढ्नु नै आजको आवश्यकता हो । ६४ बर्ष अघि हाम्रा जिज्यू वूवाले र ९ बर्ष अघिको बर्षारम्भमै म स्वयंले गरे गराएको कार्यविधी पनि प्रजातन्त्र र त्यसको आधार राष्ट्रियतालाई बलियो बनाउने कार्य कदम थियो भन्ने कूरा म पूनःस्मरण गराउन चाहन्छु । त्यसैले तत्कालिन राजनीतिक दलहरु र मेरा वीच प्रजातन्त्रको मूल्य र मान्यतामा आधारित जे जती सहमती, समझदारी एवं व्यवस्थापकीय गतिविधी भएका थिए तिनको स्मरण  र अनुसरण गदैें त्यसलाई सही रुपले कार्यान्वयनमा ल्याई मूलूकलाई दिगो शान्ति, स्थायीत्व र समृद्धितर्फ अघि बढाउन सकेमा नै आजको पूनित दिवसकोे सार्थकता रहन्छ ।

नेपालको मूल कानून परिपुर्ण रुपमा आवोस्, मूलूकको राज्य व्यवस्थाले स्थिरता र गतिशिलता प्राप्त गरोस् यही मेरो शूभकामना छ ।

श्री पशूपतिनाथले हामी सबैको कल्याण गरुन् ।

जय नेपाल ।

उपेन्द्रकेसरीको चलखेलले वार एशोसिएसनमा बबाल

                                             -  नेपालडोर  संवाददाता
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न्यायपरिषद् सदस्यमा आफू निकटस्थ व्यक्तिलाई पठाएर सर्बोच्च अदालतको न्यायाधीश बन्ने उपेन्द्रकेसरी न्यौपानेको स्वार्थमा लागेर वार महासचिव सुनिल पोखरेलले वारको आइतवार बोलाइएको केन्द्रिय समितिको वैठक अर्को सूचना जारी नभएसम्मका लागि स्थगीत गरेको एसएमएस पदाधिकारी र सदस्यलाई पठाएका छन् । यसबाट वारको प्रजातन्त्रवादी खेमाभित्रै चर्को असन्तुष्टि उत्पन्न भएको छ । 

Upendra Keshari Neupane. Photo: Google Image

नेपाल वार एशोसिएसनले आइतवार अपरान्ह ४ बजे बोलाएको केन्द्रिय समिति वैठक स्थगीत भएको सूचना महासचिव सुनिल पोखरेलले केन्द्रिय सदस्य र पदाधिकारीलाई एसएमएसमार्फत् जारी गरे । वैठकमा जान ठिक्क परेका पदाधिकारी र सदस्य तीन छक्क परे । वैठकको बिषय थियो– न्यायपरिषदको रिक्त सदस्य पदमा वारले पठाउने व्यक्तिबारे निर्णय गर्नुपर्ने । उपेन्द्रकेसरी न्यौपानेले राजीनामा दिएपछि परिषद्मा एक सदस्य रिक्त छ ।
नेपाल वारको १७ सदस्यीय केन्द्रिय समितिले एकजना अधिवक्तालाई परिषद् सदस्यमा सिफारिश गरेपछि उनी स्वतः नियुक्त हुनेछन् । ती व्यक्ति छनौट सर्बोच्चमा भावी न्यायाधिश बन्ने कुराको स्वार्थसँग जोडिएको छ । वारमा प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाका ९ जना र प्रगतिशील खेमाका ८ जना वकिल छन् । दुवै खेमाले आफ्नातर्फबाट सम्भावित उम्मेदवारको लिस्ट वैठकमा राख्ने र केन्द्रिय समितिले सर्वसम्मति वा निर्वाचनमार्फत् एकजनालाई छनौट गर्ने नियम छ ।
अहिले समस्या कांग्रेस र एमाले पार्टी निकटस्थ खेमाको प्रतिस्पर्धा होइन, प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाको सानो समूहको सामान्य स्वार्थको खाडलमा वारको केन्द्रिय समिति वैठकलाई हालिएको छ । त्यही कारण आइतवारको वैठक महासचिवले एकतर्फीरुपमा अनिश्चितकालका लागि स्थगीत गरेको सूचना एसएमएसमार्फत् सबै पदाधिकारी र सदस्यलाई सम्प्रेषण गरे । यसका मुख्य कारक हुन् पूर्वसदस्य उपेन्द्रकेसरी न्यौपाने ।
जानकारहरुका अनुसार न्यौपाने अब जसरी भए पनि सर्बोच्चको न्यायाधीश बन्ने दौडधुपमा छन् । त्यही प्रयोजनका लागि उनले सदस्य पदबाट केही महिनाअघि राजीनामा दिए । न्यौपाने यतिबेला प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाबाट नजिकका नातापर्ने हेटौँडाका अधिवक्ता किशोर अधिकारीको नाम नेपाल वार एशोसिएसनमा प्रस्ताब गराउन चाहन्छन् । तर प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाका महत्वपूर्ण व्यक्तिहरु एकजनाको नाम हैन पाँचजनाको नाम वैठकमा पेश गर्ने र जसको नाममा सहमति हुन्छ उनैलाई सदस्यका लागि सिफारिश गर्नुपर्ने लाइनमा छन् । अधिकारीलाई पठाउन सकिए आफ्ना लागि परिषद्मा बसेर काम गर्न सक्ने स्वार्थ न्यौपानेको छ । न्यौपानेले कांग्रेसको विभाजित वार एशोसिएसनका अध्यक्ष गोपालकृष्ण घिमिरेलाई पनि मनाइसकेका छन् । तर कांग्रेसको आधिकारिक लाइन अधिकारीलाई पठाउने होइन ।
कांग्रेसका शीर्ष नेता न्यायपरिषद सदस्यमा अधिवक्ता वेनीवहादुर कार्कीलाई पठाउन चाहन्छन् । उनलाई प्रगतिशील खेमाले पनि स्वीकार गर्ने बचन दिएको प्रजातान्त्रिक समूहका एकजना कानूनविद्को भनाई छ  । प्रगतिशीलहरुलाई मनाउनका लागि प्रजातान्त्रिक समूहबाट वेनीवहादुर कार्की, कमल नारायण दास, यज्ञमूर्ति बञ्जाडे, रामप्रसाद सिटौला र किशोर अधिकारीको नाम पेश गर्ने कांग्रेसको पार्टीगत लाइन रहेको छ । उनीहरुमध्ये अधिकारीको नाममा प्रजातान्त्रिक समूहको बहुसंख्यक टीम सहमत छैन ।
प्रगतिशील खेमाबाट सदस्य पदका लागि  अनौपचारिकरुपमा तीनजना रामप्रसाद श्रेष्ठ, लक्ष्मीबहादुर निराला र सर्वज्ञरत्न तुलाधरको नाम ल्याइएको छ । प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाले बाबुराज जोशी र बसन्तराम भण्डारीको नाम पनि ल्याएको छ । तर उनीहरुको नाममा सहमति हुनेसम्भावना छैन ।
उपेन्द्रको स्वार्थ पूरा गर्न शेरबहादुर केसी निकट वारका केन्द्रिय सदस्य लक्ष्मी रावल, प्रचण्डमान प्रधानका निकटस्थ सागर बिष्ट, बाबुराजा जोशी निकट गजेन्द्र तिमिला र वार महासचिव पोखरेल, उपाध्यक्ष जनक पाण्डे र गणेश अधिकारी सक्रिय छन् ।
आइतवार न्यौपानेको पक्षमा वातावरण नभएका कारण उनकै चाहनाअनुसार महासचिव पोखरेलले वैठक स्थगीत गरेको प्रजातान्त्रिक खेमाकै कतिपयले टिप्पणि गरेका छन् । तर वारमा अध्यक्ष हरिकृष्ण कार्की, उपाध्यक्ष टीकाराम भट्टराई, कोषाध्यक्ष मोहन इङ्नामलगायतका पदाधिकारीहरु सर्बसम्मतीका आधारमा एकजना योग्य व्यक्तिलाई न्यायपरिषदमा पठाउनुपर्ने पक्षमा छन् । पाँच सदस्यीय न्यायपरिषदको अध्यक्षता प्रधानन्यायाधीशले गर्छन् भने सर्बोच्चका बरिष्ठतम न्यायाधीश, कानूनमन्त्री, सरकारबाट मनोनित एकजना कानूनविद र वार एशोसिएसनबाट सिफारिश गरिएका एकना कानूनविद् सदस्य रहने व्यवस्था छ ।

कन्चनपुरमा चरा अनुसन्धान हुने

सिस्ने क्षेत्रको सीमसार, Photo : Pashupati Koirala

जैविक विविधता, वन्यजन्तु र सीमसार रहेको सो क्षेत्र जिल्ला वन अधिकृतले अधिकार प्रयोग गरेर घोषणा गरेको नेपालकै पहिलो अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र हो ।


पर्शुराम काफ्ले 

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कञ्चनपुरको कृष्णपुरस्थित सिस्ने क्षेत्रमा वासस्थान बनाएका चराहरुको अनुसन्धान हुने भएको छ ।  कृष्णपुर गाविस ३ र ४ को वन तथा सीमसारलाई जिल्ला वन कार्यालयले त्यही प्रयोजनका लागि अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र घोषणा गरेको छ । स्थानीयको लामो समयदेखि सो क्षेत्रलाई चरा अनुसन्धान केन्द्र स्थापना गर्न माग गर्दै आएका छन् ।
जिल्ला वन अधिकृत पशुपति कोइरालाले वन नियमावली २०५१ को दफा २३ बमोजिम ६ माघमा अनुसन्धानक्षेत्र घोषणा गरेको जानकारी दिए । ‘स्थानीय वासिन्दाले लामो समयदेखि सिस्ने क्षेत्रलाई विशेष गरी चरा अनुसन्धान केन्द्र बनाउन माग गरिरहेका थिए, मैले कानून बमोजिम त्यसका लागि सहज बनाइदिएको छु’ हाल काठमाडौंमा रहेका जिल्ला वन अधिकृत कोइरालाले भने, ‘अब त्यो क्षेत्रमा जैविक विविधता र वन्यजन्तुको अनुसन्धानका लागि विधिवत बाटो खुलेको छ । हामी त्यसका लागि पनि थप पहल गर्छौँ ।’ जिल्ला वन कार्यालयले वन नियमावली प्रयोग गरेर घोषणा गरेको यो पहिलो अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र रहेको पनि कोइरालाले बताए ।

कोइरालाका अनुसार मछेली खोलादेखि पश्चिम, वनरा खोलाको क्षेत्रदेखि पूर्व, चुरे क्षेत्रदेखि दक्षिण तथा जनहित महाकाली सामुदायिक वनदेखि उत्तरको सिमानालाई अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र तोकिएको छ । सो क्षेत्रमा विजयसाल, साल, नदी     तटिय वनहरु खयर सिसौको प्राकृतिक उपज एवं बाघसहित  विभिन्न प्रजातिका चराहरुको वासस्थान रहेको छ । ‘सो क्षेत्रमा प्राकृतिक रुपमा सिमसारहरु छन्,     जसको सम्बन्ध चुरे, भावर तथा तराइको तल्लो तट संग पनि प्रभाव क्षेत्र रहेको छ’ कोइरालाले भने ।
अहिलेलाई परीक्षणको रुपमा तथा अनुसन्धान चरणको रुपमा यो क्षेत्र तोकिएको तोकिएको हो । अब अनुसन्धान प्रयोजनका लागि कार्यमूलक रणनीतिगत कार्ययोजना तयार गर्ने तथा त्यसका लागि स्थानीय जनसहभागीता परिचालन गर्ने पनि कोइरालाले बताए ।  सिस्ने क्षेत्र चुरे, भावर र तराइको महत्वपूर्ण कोरिडोरका रुपमा रहेको छ जहाँ  सिसौ, खयर, विजयसालको प्रजातिहरु रहेका छन् । स्थानीयले विजयसाल संरक्षणका लागि वनलाई चरिचरन मुक्त र आगलागी नियन्त्रित क्षेत्रका रुपमा स्थापित गरिसकेका छन् ।
‘हामीले पहिलेदेखि नै अनुसन्धान केन्द्र बनाउन माग गर्दै आएका थियौँ, जिल्ला वनले कम्तिमा अनुसन्धान क्षेत्र बनाएर त्यसको पहल गरेको छ’ स्थानीय समाजसेवी महेशदत्त जोशीले भने, ‘प्रशस्त सिमसार क्षेत्र र घाँसे मैदानहरु भएको सिस्ने चरा र वन्यजन्तुको वासस्थान भएको हुनाले थप अनुसन्धान हुनु आवश्यक छ ।’ सो क्षेत्रमा एउटा पाटेवाघसमेत देखा परेको छ जसलाई जिल्ला वन कार्यालयले ट्रयाकिङ पनि गरिसकेको छ । सो क्षेत्रमा रहेका १९ वटा सामुदायिक वनले अनुसन्धान क्षेत्रका लागि सहयोगको बचन दिएका छन् । स्थानीय जोशीका अनुसार चराहरुको अनुसन्धान केन्द्र विधिवत स्थापना भए सो क्षेत्रको पर्यटन प्रबद्र्धनमा सहयोग पुग्नेछ ।

मकालु–बरुण निकुन्ज र ढोरपाटन आरक्षमा नेपाली सेना पठाउने तयारी

हालसम्म ९ वटा निकुन्ज र तीनवटा वन्यजन्तु आरक्षको सुरक्षाका लागि खटिँदै आएकोमा अब नेपाली सेना मकालु–बरुण राष्ट्रिय निकुन्ज र ढोरपाटन शिकार आरक्षको सुरक्षामा खटिने भएको छ ।

पर्शुराम काफ्ले

सरकारले पूर्वी नेपालको मकालु–बरुण राष्ट्रिय निकुन्ज र पश्चिमको ढोरपाटन शिकार आरक्षको सुरक्षाका लागि नेपाली सेना खटाउने भएको छ । निकुन्जमा चोरी–शिकारी अनियन्त्रितरुपमा बढेको र ढोरपाटन आरक्ष स्थानीयले अतिक्रमित गर्न थालेपछि संरक्षणका लागि सेना पठाउन लागिएको हो । ढोरपाटन शिकार प्रयोजनका लागि सञ्चालित एकमात्र आरक्ष हो ।
‘मकालु–बरुण निकुन्ज र ढोरपाटन शिकार आरक्षको सुरक्षाका बिषयमा अहिले लेखापढी भइरहेको छ, ‘सैनिक प्रबक्ता सहायकथी जगदीशचन्द्र पोखरेलले भने, ‘सम्बन्धित माथिल्लो निकायले निर्णय गर्नासाथ नेपाली सेना खटिन तयार छ ।’ मकालु र ढोरपाटनमा सेनाका एकएक वटा गुल्म राख्न लागिएको हो । मकालु–बरुण निकुन्जमा एउटा गण राख्न माग भए पनि जनशक्ति र बजेट सीमितताका कारण गुल्ममात्र राख्न लागिएको हो । एउटा गुल्ममा करिब तीनसय सैनिक खटिने गरेका छन् जसको नेतृत्व सेनानी (मेजर) तहका सैनिक अधिकृतले गर्दै आएका छन् । 
हालसालै रक्षामन्त्रालयले सो निकुन्ज र आरक्षमा सेना पठाउनेबिषयमा सैनिक मुख्यालयको राय मागेको छ । ‘हामीले सेनासँग राय मागेका छौँ, पहिले पनि यसबारे छलफल भएको हुनाले उसको राय समेटेर आवश्यक निर्णय गर्छौैँ’ रक्षा स्रोतले भन्यो, ‘सेना खटाउन सरकारलाई समस्या छैन ।’ बजेट अभावका कारण संरक्षणका लागि अहिले खटिएकै युनिटबाट झिकेर निकुन्ज र आरक्षमा दुई गुल्म सैनिक खटाउनेबारे रक्षा, वनमन्त्रालय तथा जंगी अड्डाबीच छलफल भइरहेको छ । ‘सरकारलाई सामान्यवाहेक थप व्ययभार नपर्ने गरी दुईवटा गुल्म पठाउने बिषयमा अन्तिम चरणमा कुराकानी भएको छ’ वनमन्त्रालयका एक अधिकारीले भने, ‘आगामी बजेटमा त्यो बिषय पनि समेटेपछि त्यही अनुसार नयाँ व्यवस्था हुनेछ ।’
मुलुकभर जम्मा १० वटा राष्ट्रिय निकुन्ज, तीनवटा वन्यजन्तु आरक्ष, ६ वटा संरक्षण क्षेत्र, एउटा शिकार आरक्ष तोकिएका छन् । यसअघि नेपाली सेना चितवन, लाङटाङ, खप्तड, बर्दिया, शिवपुरी–नागार्जुन, सगरमाथा, रारा, शे–फोक्ुन्डो र बाँके  राष्ट्रिय निकुन्जको सुरक्षाका लागि खटिँदै आएको छ । सेना हालसम्म ९ वटा निकुन्ज र तीनवटा वन्यजन्तु आरक्षको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ छ । सातवटा गण र सातवटा गुल्ममा जम्मा ७ हजार ६ सय सैनिक खटिँदै आएका छन् भने उनीहरुलाई जम्मा १ सय५१ वटा सुरक्षा पोष्टमा ड्युटीमा खटाइएको छ । ४० बर्षदेखि सेना प्रकृति र वन्यजन्तु संरक्षणका लागि खटिँदै आएको छ ।
शिवपुरी नागार्जुनवाहेकका ९ वटा राष्ट्रिय निकुन्ज र शुकलाफाँटा, पर्सा र कोशीटप्पु वन्यजन्तु आरक्ष वरिपरी जम्मा १२ वटा मध्यवर्ती क्षेत्रसमेत रहेका छन् । नेपालको कुल क्षेत्रफलको करिब २३ प्रतिशत संरक्षण क्षेत्र रहेको छ ।
वन्यजन्तु तथा राष्टिय निकुन्ज  विभागका महानिर्देशक टीकाराम अधिकारीले तीन बर्षअघि नै वन मन्त्रालयमार्फत् मकालु निकुन्ज र ढोरपाटनमा सेना खटाउन माग गरिएको तर अहिलेसम्म निर्णय भइनसकेको बताए । ‘हामीले तीन बर्षअघि नै वनमन्त्रालयमार्फत् रक्षामन्त्रालयमा लेखी पठाएका थियौँ, त्यसको प्रक्रिया अघि बढे पनि अहिले कहाँ पुगेको छ भन्ने जानकारी विभागमा आइसकेको छैन’ अधिकारीले भने । सेनाले संरक्षणका प्रकृति र वन्यजन्तुको सुरक्षाका लागि दक्ष जनशक्ति र अत्याधुनिक हतियारसहित कम्तिमा १० हजार सैनिक खटाउनुपर्ने मौखिक प्रस्ताब सरकारलाई गर्दै आएको छ । सेनाको राष्टिय निकुन्ज तथा बन्यजन्तु आरक्ष निर्देशनालयले संरक्षणको कार्य हेरिरहेको छ जसको नेतृत्व अहिले महासेनानी वाबुकृष्ण कार्कीले सम्हालिरहेका छन् ।
करिब १५ सय बर्गकिलोमिटर क्षेत्रफल ओगटेको मकालु वरुण निकुन्ज २०४९ सालमा स्थापना भएको हो । सोलुखुम्बु र संखुवासभाको भाग यसमा समेटिएको छ । निकुन्जको मध्यवर्ती क्षेत्र ८३० बर्गकिलोमिटर छ । विज्ञहरुका अनुसार सो क्षेत्रमा लालीगुँरासका २५ प्रजाति, ४७ प्रकारका चरा, ५६ प्रकारका दुर्लभ वनस्पति छन् । निकुन्जमा हिम चितुवा,रेड पाण्डा, जंगली भालुलगायतको पनि वासस्थान रहेको छ ।  जनताद्वारा सञ्चालित भनिएको सो निकुन्जमा यसअघि सरकारी सुरक्षा थिएन । संखुवासभाका १० गाविस र सोलुखुम्बुका बुङ र छेस्काम गाविस निकुन्जमा समेटिएका छन् ।
धौलागिरी हिम सृंखलाका बाग्लुङ, रुकुम र म्याग्दीमा रहेको ढोरपाटन शिकार आरक्ष २०४० सालमा स्थापना भए पनि २०४४ सालमा मात्रै सरकारले मान्यता दिएको हो ।  १३२५ बर्गकिलोमिटर क्षेत्रफलमा रहेको आरक्ष वरपरका तीनसय घरधुरीले दुईसय २६ हेक्टर जमिन अतिक्रमण गरेको विवरण सार्वजनिक भइसकेको छ । म्याग्दीको लुलाङ, गुर्जाघाट, खोरिया, गुरुघाट, रुकुमको दुले, मैकोट, घुस्तुङ, बाग्लुङको तराम्ची, निशी, उत्तरगंगा, माझचौर, छेन्तुङमा निकुन्जको जमिन अतिक्रमण भएको छ । आरक्षभित्र सरकारले ठूलो रकम तिरेर नाउर र झारलको शिकार गर्ने अनुमति दिँदै आएको छ । ढोरपाटन आरक्षमा ३२ प्रकारका स्तनधारी बन्यजन्तु, १३७ प्रजातिका चरा छन् भने आरक्षको आधा भूभाग घाँसे मैदानले ढाकेको छ ।
(नयाँ पत्रिका दैनिकमा २०७१ फागुन ३ गते प्रकाशित)

संघीयतामा भारत र चीनको टक्कर

                                        
                                                      -कुमुद लोहनी-
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मैले प्रचण्डलाई पनि भनेको छु कि तपाईँहरु फस्नुभयो । जातीय राज्य र एक मधेश एक प्रदेश बन्यो भने देश टुक्रिन्छ । त्यो अवस्थामा नेपालमा सीधासीधा चीन र भारतको टक्कर हुन्छ । यो कुरा युरोपियनहरुले चाहिरहेका छन् । नेपाललाई कमजोर पारेर यहाँको वेसमा टेकेर चीनको तिब्बत फुटाउने, अनि एकैसाथ भारतलाई पनि कमजोर पार्ने रणनीतिमा युरोपियनहरु छन् ।

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अब निकास साझा बनाउनुपर्छ । कसैलाई निषेध गरेर राजनीतिक निकास हुँदैन, देशमा उन्नति पनि हुँदैन । मेरो प्रस्ताब - राजालाई पनि सेरेमोनियल बनाएर ल्याइदिए हुन्छ ।

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नयाँ दिल्ली जाँदा मैले भारतीय जनता पार्टीका धेरै नेतासँग अन्तरंग कुराकानी गर्ने अवसर पाएँ । नेपालप्रति उनीहरुको दृष्टिकोणमा पहिलेका नेता र सरकारभन्दा आकास जमिनको फरक छ । केही गरौँ भन्ने अठोट लिएर म्यान अफ एक्सन नेताका रुपमा  भारतमा नरेन्द्र मोदी आएका छन् । भारतमा पनि धेरै पछि यस्ता राजनेता आएका छन् । उनको भारतप्रति मात्र होइन, नेपाल र नेपालीप्रति अगाध आस्था र विश्वास  निकै रहेको मैले अनुभूत गरेँ ।  हिजो त्यही भारतमा नेपालीहरु बहादुर, चौकीदार, कामदारका रुपमा स्थापित थिए । अहिले त्यो अवस्था छैन ।  अहिले नेपालीहरु शीर्ष भारतीय नेताका सल्लाहकारका रुपमा छन् । अधिकांश नेताका नेपाली सल्लाहकार छन् । नेताहरुले नेपालीलाई सम्मान दिएका छन् । यो हाम्रा लागि ठूलो अवसर हो ।
भारतसँग मिलेर हाम्रो प्राकृतिक श्रोतबाट उपलब्धी लिने यही समय हो । किनभने अहिले नेपालप्रति सकारात्मक राजनेता छन् । उनलाई सल्लाह दिने नेपालप्रति सकारात्मक व्यक्तिहरु छन् र स्वयम् नेपालीहरु न त्यहाँको नीतिनिर्माण तहमा प्रभाव राख्ने हैसियतमा छन् । अरु सबै कुरा छाडेर विकासमा जोड दिने हो भने देशको उन्नति गर्ने समय यही हो । त्यसकारण अहिले बुद्धिमतापूर्ण निर्णय गर्नेबेला भएको छ ।
नरेन्द्र मोदीले भनेका छन्, भारत सित्यैँमा हैन, पैसा तिरेर नेपालको विजुली लिन तयार छ । यसको मर्म हामीले बुझ्नुपर्छ । मोदी नेपाल भ्रमणमा पहिलोपटक आएपछि भारतप्रति नेपालीहरुको दृष्टिकोण परिवर्तन भयो । उहाँले गौतमबुद्ध जन्मेको देश भनिदिनुभया जुन रेकर्डेड भएको छ । भोलि भारतले बुद्ध दावा गर्न नमिल्ने अवस्था स्वयम् मोदीले बनाइदिनुभएको छ । उहाँले पशुपतिनाथ, माता जानकीको तारिफ गरिदिनुभयो । मिलेर काम गर्ने अवसर उहाँले सिर्जना गरिदिनुभएको छ । यो नेपालका लागि आउने बडो दुर्लभ अवसर हो । 
अहिले सहजै राष्ट्रले निकास पाउने अवस्था छैन । एमाओवादीका नेता प्रचण्ड जातीयताका आधारमा संघीयता छाड्न सक्नुहुन्न । किनभने यो उहाँहरुले नै उचाल्नुभएको हो । उहाँहरु फस्नुभयो । मैले यो कुरा प्रचण्डलाई पनि भनेको छु कि तपाईँहरु फस्नुभयो । जातीय राज्य र एक मधेश एक प्रदेश बन्यो भने देश टुक्रिन्छ । त्यो अवस्थामा नेपालमा सीधासीधा चीन र भारतको टक्कर हुन्छ । यो कुरा युरोपियनहरुले चाहिरहेका छन् । नेपाललाई कमजोर पारेर यहाँको वेसमा टेकेर चीनको तिब्बत फुटाउने, अनि एकैसाथ भारतलाई पनि कमजोर पार्ने रणनीतिमा युरोपियनहरु छन् । यो अवस्थालाई प्रचण्डहरुले मध्यनजर गर्नुपर्छ ।
अब निकास साझा बनाउनुपर्छ । कसैलाई निषेध गरेर राजनीतिक निकास हुँदैन, देशमा उन्नति पनि हुँदैन । मेरो प्रस्ताब छ कि राजालाई पनि सेरेमोनियल बनाएर ल्याइदिए हुन्छ । भोलि राष्ट्रपतिका बिषयमा थेग्नै नसकिने बिबाद उत्पन्न हुन्छ । जस्तो, अहिले रामवरण यादब हुनुहुन्छ । भोलि प्रश्न उठ्छ, यादब हुन्छ भने झा किन नहुने, मुसहर किन नहुने, चमार किन नहुने ? राई, लिम्बु, झाँगड किन नहुने ? राजाले कम्तिमा सबै जातजातिलाई एउटा सुत्रमा राखेका त थिए । यो कुरा किन बिर्सने ? कार्यकारी अधिकार प्रधानमन्त्रीले लिए हुन्छ । बर्षमा केही रमक दिएर राजालाई राखिदिँदा देशमा सद्भाव बृद्धि हुन्छ भने किन नमान्ने ? वास्तवमा यो कुरा प्रचण्डले पनि मान्नुपर्छ, यदि राष्ट्र जोगाउने हो भने । 
बिपी कोइरालाले भारतमा सशस्त्र क्रान्तिको कुरा गर्नुभयो तर उहाँ मेलमिलापको मुद्दा लिएर स्वदेश आउनुभयो । देशको मूल्यमा उहाँ आउनुभएको हो । राष्ट्र रहेन भने कसरी प्रजातन्त्र रहन्छ ? विपीले लिएको अडान अहिले पनि सान्दर्भिक छ । नेपालमा विदेशीको चलखेल भएकै रहेछ । बेलायती राजदूतले धर्मका बारेमा बोले । त्यसकारण प्रचण्ड राजनेता हुनुपर्छ, एमाओवादी नेतामात्र होइन । सम्पन्न नेपाल बनाउन सबैले गल्ती सच्याउनुपर्छ ।
एउटा घटना यहाँ सान्दर्भिक होला । अमेरिकामा उपचारका लागि  जानुअघि बिपीले एकदिन मलाई घरमा बोलाउनुभयो । उहाँ खाटमा पल्टिनुयो, म कुर्शी तानेर बसेँ । ‘म तिमीलाई राजनीति सिकाउँछु,’ विपीले भन्नुभयो । २०३६ सालको जनमतसंग्रहमा बुहदलको हार भएपछिको प्रसंग हो यो । उहाँले भन्नुभयो, ‘हेर, मैले जानेर हार स्वीकार गरेको छु । राजालाई फाल्न मलाई समय लाग्दैन । सातदिनमा फाल्नसक्छु । मनमोहन अधिकारीहरु मसँग मिलेर आन्दोलन गर्न तयार छन् । तर म कम्युनिष्टहरुसँग सम्झौता गर्दिन । राजाले यो कुरा बुझेनन् । राजा महेन्द्रले पनि गल्ती गरे । इन्डिया हामीलाई सिध्याउन लागेको छ । हामी सिद्धिने वित्तिकै राजालाई समाप्त पार्न सजिलो छ । भारतमा रसियाको प्रभाव बढेर गएको छ । डिफेन्स प्याक्ट छ । राजालाई सिध्याउन नेताहरु लागेका छन् । गान्धी परिवारको सहानुभूति राजालाई छैन । हामीले बिष पियर भए पनि राजासँग सम्झौता गर्नेपर्छ । यसमा मात्रै राजाको पनि भविश्य छ, हाम्रो पनि पनि छ ।’ यो कुरा महसुस गर्ने बेला अब पनि भएन र ?
(लोहनी नेपाली कांग्रेसका महासमिति सदस्य हुन् । )

Importance of Pharm. D study in Nepal

                                         - Rabin Chudal-

 

Pharm. D is an abbreviation for Doctor of Pharmacy degree, a doctorate level degree obtained in the pharmacy school/ college by prospective pharmacists. The doctor of pharmacy is a professional degree not a graduate degree. The Pharm.D curriculum is designed to produce a scientifically and technically competent pharmacist who can apply this education in such manner as to provide maximum health care services to patients. Students are provided with the opportunity to gain greater experience in patients close cooperative relationships with health practioners. It is the goal of all pharmacy schools to prepare pharmacists who can assume expanded responsibilities in the care of patients and assure the provision of rational drugs therapy

Pharm.D degree curriculum is different than that of B.Pharm, it includes extensive didactic clinical preparation and a full year of hands on practice experience.

In 1990, the American Association of colleges of pharmacy (AACP) mandated that a doctor of pharmacy degree would be the new first professional degree.

Currently all accreditation schools and colleges of pharmacy in the united states offer the Pharm.D degree national association of boards of pharmacy is now permitting students with five years like Pharm d for FPGEE eligibility.

Many other countries like Canada, Spain, France, Slovenia, Hungary, Italy, Netherland, Pakistan, Jamaica, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Qatar, south Arabia, United Arab emirates, Nigeria etc have started Pharm.D programs India has started Pharm.D program from 2008.

In some countries, it is the first professional degree and a prerequisite for licensing to exercise the profession of pharmacist.

The first Pharm.D program was established at the University of southern California school of pharmacy in Los Angeles California in 1950.

SOME COUNTRIES WHERE THERE IS A PHARM D COURSE:

1.      North America

Canada

United States

2.      South America

Brazil

Chile

 

3.      Europe

·         Czech republic and Slovakia

·         France

·         Hungary

·         Italy

·         Netherland

·         Portugal

·         Spain

 

4.      Middle east

·         Iran

·         Jordan

·         Lebnan

·         Qatar

·         Saudi  Arabia

·         United Arab Emirates

 

5.      Asia

·         Pakistan

·         India

·         Nepal

·         Philippines

·         Thailand

·         Bangladesh

 

6.      Africa

·         Morocco

·         Ghana

·         Kenya

·         Nigeria

·         South Africa

·         Tunisia

·         Algeria

 

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A QUALIFIED PHARM D PHARMACISTS:

1.      Drug distribution and dispensing

Pharmacists assess legitimacy of prescriptions, eligibility for coverage, appropriates and safety of the medication for the treatment of patient.

2.      Patient safety

Promote rational drug therapy by conducting drug therapy by conducting drug utilization reviews, identifying potential prescription  related problems such as drug- drug interaction, duplications of drugs, known allergies, under or overdosing or inappropriate therapy, prior authorization, monitoring therapy, pharmacokinetic dosing of drugs, quality assurance program

3.      Clinical program development

Use evidence-based clinical and research data due to create disease management programs. Evaluate scientific evidence in order to select appropriate drugs for a patient population through a pharmacy and therapeutics committee. Design and conduct outcomes based research in order to help patient’s achieve the desired result from their drug therapy.

4.      Communication with patients, prescribers and pharmacists

Helps prescribers choose drugs that will meet patients needs and quality for coverage provides and educate patients about their individual prescription history provide a dispensing pharmacist with a patients drug profile in order to identify potential adverse drug reactions or duplicate therapies.

5.      Drug benefit design

Determining if a formulary should be used and whether it should be restricted or open and the use of patient’s cost-sharing structure for generic covered brand name drugs and non formulary drugs. To determine if a participating pharmacy network should be established and what the criteria for QA would be to determine criteria and procedures for drug utilization

 

Pharm.D can start their career in a limitless number of professional areas that range from community pharmacies, drug development, fundamental or applied research, biotechnology to areas such as forensic sciences, toxicology, regulatory affairs, clinical analysis, law enforcement (scientific police), Bromatology, Drug Marketing, Regulatory, Authorities , University Teachers, Executive Managers (pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and governmental institutions etc.

Large numbers of pharmaceutical companies are opting for clinical trials and the spending in four types of trials represented about 7.8 billion in 2007 and is projected to grow to $ 17.2 billion in 2013 pharm.D graduate will be the best suited for clinical research and related jobs across the globe.

 

LENGTH OF STUDY

Country wise the course of the study is different. For instance, in Pakistan it is 5 years course while in India it is a 5 year course with 1 year of hospital internship which means total 6 years. Similarly, Pharm.D (Post Baccalaureate) after B Pharm is of three years. These posts Baccalaureate Pharm D program have been teaching in Kathmandu University Nepal.

In south Asia, if we talk about India, Pharm D program was launched in 2008. In 2008, the first batch of Pharm.D took admission to the course. Pharm D is the professional pharmacy doctoral program. In india, it is total six years program after 10+2 or D.Pharm (Diploma in Pharmacy).

It includes five years of academic study and one year internship.

It is slightly different than M. Pharm.

 

	Pharm D Direct after 10+2/D Pharm	Pharm D (Post Baccaulurate)	M.Pharm
Duration of course	6 years	B.pharm (4 years)+3 years	B.Pharm (4 years)+2 years
Project thesis work	6 months	6 months	1 year
Internship	Yes(1 year)	1 year	No
Prefix “D” (doctor) after course	Yes	Yes	No

 

      The academic study includes the same subjects such as B.Pharm, in addition the pharmacy components are emphasized such as hospital pharmacy, community pharmacy, Pharmacotherapeutics, clinical pharmacy, biostatistics and research methodology, clinical toxicology, clinical research, Pharmacoepidemiology, Pharmacoeconomics, clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacotherapeutic drug monitoring.

Furthers to add, in the fifth year of the course the candidate had to perform a project work for six months.

Some unique features of Pharm.D include eligibility to register for Ph.D prefix ‘Dr’ to name and a registrable qualification after completion of course.

The pharmacists can provide the clinical pharmacy services. Out of the services patient medication counseling is considered to be the most important part from a patient’s point of view. The information that may be discussed while a counseling session purpose, expected action storage, method of administration of drug and medical devices overall skills required to provide better clinical pharmacy services are up to date knowledge of clinical aspects of drugs and good communication skills.

 

ROLES OF CLINICAL PHARMACISTS:

(Pharm.D) candidates in hospital

 

Activity	Role
Medication history interview participation in ward round and meetings	·         To ask the patient about his medication history to optimize the further therapy. ·         To enable prescribing to be influence at the time of decision making ·         To contribute to patients care through the provision of drug information and promotion of rational drug therapy.
Provision of drug/poison information	·         To provide accurate and relevant information on drug related matters (generally clinical aspects of drugs, eg: use administration) verbally or in written form to persons involved in prescribing, administration, monitoring and use of medicines. ·         To prepare specific drug related resources such as protocols and patients information leafieps. ·         To provide poison information to physicians.
Prevention, assessment and management of drug interactions.	·         To review the medications order for the adverse drug interaction. ·         To identify patients at risk of adverse drug interaction. ·         To suggest suitable method of management for the interaction ·         To take appropriate steps ·         To avoid recurrence of interaction with adverse sequlae ·         To ensure early reorganization of drug interaction to prevent adverse sequlae.
Adverse drug reaction(ADR) management medication order review	·         To detect, assess and correlate, manage, document and to prevent ADRs ·         To encourage nursing and medical staff as well as patients, to report ADRs ·         To ensure patients receives most appropriate drug, dose, dosage form ·         To minimize drug related problems.
Clinical review	·         To determine the priorities of the treatment with reference to therapeutics outcomes desired by the patients ·         To evaluate and monitor patients therapy ·         To review the outcomes of the treatment.
Therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM) selection of drug therapy	·         To optimize therapy for the drugs for which there is know relationship between therapeutic effect and measured concentrations. ·         To identify the desired therapeutic outcomes. ·         To ensure the drug selection follows local guidelines, formulary and availability limitations where applicable. ·         To promote quality use of medicines. ·         To optimize the clinical outcomes and quality of patients care.
Patients medication counseling	·         To provide the information directed at encouraging safe and appropriate use of medication for the enhancement of better therapeutic outcomes. ·         To monitor new dosage and medications.
Liaison with community services	·         To communicate concerning special problems. ·         Provisions of medication aids. ·         To encourage the patient to contact to their hospital pharmacists.

 

After completion and during the course pharm. D candidate may provide the clinical pharmacy services in the hospitals work in the areas clinical research organization (CRO), Pharmacovigilance, pharmaco economics, community services, research and academics.

We know, it will take time to get it will established pharm D. candidates need to work hard and get recognized in the society for patients care by clinical pharmacy services.

They have to create a rapport with other health care providers such as physicians, nurses and also with patients.

Pharm D candidates have to generate the need the clinical pharmacy services in the society and prove its importance.

As the Pharm D is mostly patient centered curriculum, therefore patients will be able to know all the information about their disease, drugs and life style modifications for the diseases in future which would definitely increase prognosis of the patients. The clinical pharmacy services would also minimize the work load of physicians from their busy schedule as well as it would decrease the load on the health care system.

Medicine are chemical substances that are meant to change the way the body deals with an illness or injury or to maintain your health and well being no matter where you get them from herbal medicines like vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements are all medicines. They are called complementary medicine.

Medicine is a drug that can help if the among of medicine is right people take medicine because they want to get better if they have illness they want to feel relieved of their pain even for temporary.

Different medicines do different things. Some are meant to treat illness or injuries. Some are meant to prevent illnesses or maintain health and well being. Others are meant to ease the problems caused by an illness or injury.

We get medicine from the pharmacists with a prescription from a  doctor/dentist/physician/medical practitioner. Also we get some OTC medicine without prescription. Pharmacist’s role is vital in health care system through the medicine and information they provide.

Major responsibility include range of care of patients from dispensing medication to monitoring patients, from dispensing medication to monitoring patients health’s and progress to maximize their response to the medication.

Pharmacists also educate consumer and patients on the use of prescription and over the counter and advice physician, nurse and other health preffessional on drug decision.

In united states, ACPE (Aceredition Council for Pharmacy Education) accredited doctorate of pharmacy (Pharm D ) is currently the only degree accepted by the national associate of boards of pharmacy (NABP) to be eligible to sit for the north America pharmacists. Licensure examination (NAPLEX) previously the United States has a five years bachelor’s degree in pharmacy.

 

SOME DIFFERENCE S IN PHARM D AND M PHARM

Pharm D: doctor degree which is highly integrated in depth course in clinical pharmacy.

Work areas: 

Ø  Hospital

Ø  Health care industries

Ø  Retail outlets

Ø  Consulting

                               Major work functional area:

Ø  Patient counseling.

Ø  Consulting.

Ø  Patient history and record keeping.

Ø  Maintain records of medicine and its after effects.

Ø  Advise safe usage of administration of drugs etc.

 

M.Pharm

Master in pharmacy is specific subject like Pharmacology, Chemistry, analysis etc

Work areas:

Ø  Pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Ø  Biotec industries.

Ø  Medical instrument making.

Ø  FDA

      Major work function areas:

Ø  Analysis and testing.

Ø  Quality control.

Ø  Quality assurance.

Ø  Sales and marketing.

Ø  Clinical research etc.

In context of Nepal, Pharm D is a new course. Kathmandu University have started 3 years course (post Baccalaureate) Pharm D.

In Nepal there is no any 6 years Pharm D course till now.

In context of giving authority (adhikarikta) by Nepal pharmacy council a diploma pharmacy to assistant pharmacist, bachelor’s pharmacy to pharmacists and master in pharmacist to sr. pharmacist, how Nepal pharmacy council would take the Pharm. D course?

How Nepal government will establish Pharm.D course? Where and how Nepal government will create the environment of employment?

How government and private medical college and teaching hostital will give Pharm D course an permanency (istayetwo)?

One good thing, MMIHS which is a part of NEHCO Nepal had open the job vacancy for Pharm D. NEHCO Nepal might be the first organization which welcome Pharm D in such a way.

 If any Query Please feel free to contact as following

Mr. Chiranjibi Chudal

9851018545