Tuesday 26 November 2019

Foreign Minister Gyawali says in Moscow

Press Notes for
Hon. Pradeep Kumar Gyawali, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Nepal after his meeting with H.E. Sergey Lavrov, Minister for Foreign Affairs, Russian Federation
Moscow, 25 November 2019


Dear colleagues from the media,

·      Warm greetings to you all on behalf of the Government and people of Nepal and on my own! I thank Foreign Minister Lavrov and the Government of Russia for warm welcome and generous hospitality
·      The Russian Federation is Nepal’s old friend. The people of Nepal cherish the friendship and partnership with the Russian Federation that involves all sectors: Governments, businesspeople, academia, media, scientists, students, artists and so on.
·      After a long gap, bilateral talks have been held at the foreign minister’s level. It was our heavy domestic engagements due to the political transition that kept us busy.
·      This visit has taken place in the fundamentally changed national context. The prolonged political transition in Nepal has ended and we have moved from the state of instability to stability.  Our national focus is on socio-economic transformation in a rapid but sustainable manner.
·      The people have high hope on the Government—a stable government that is in place in two decades. The present government is committed to deliver on its promises to people under the national aspiration of ‘prosperous Nepal, happy Nepali’.
·      I think this is the most appropriate time that we can work together in the interest of the peoples of both the countries. I therefore thank Minister Lavrov for welcoming my delegation at this important juncture.
·      We can work together for elevating our relations by:
o   deepening political understanding
o   promoting mutually beneficial cooperation in diverse fields
o   identifying new areas of mutually beneficial cooperation
o   strengthening collaboration in regional and global affairs for a just, peaceful and prosperous world.
·      Foreign Minister Lavrov and I exchanged substantive views on a wide range of topics today in a very cordial and frank atmosphere.
·      I have handed over the separate invitations from the Rt. Hon’ble President of Nepal and the Rt. Hon’ble Prime Minister of Nepal to His Excellency the President Mr. Putin and His Excellency Prime Minister Mr. Medvedev   respectively to visit Nepal at their convenience.
·      I have also invited Foreign Minister Lavrov to pay a visit to Nepal, which is long overdue.
·      I believe Nepal-Russia relations deserve this and more so in the changed context.
·      I believe that high level exchanges between the two countries will be instrumental in taking our relations to a new height. 
·      The Russian Federation has an important role to play in contemporary international affairs, particularly for the global peace and stability, as well as in promoting collective interests of the developing world.
·      I am very happy to work closely with Minister Lavrov. He is not only a seasoned diplomat, but also a well-respected political figure of our time for the stewardship he has provided to the Russian Foreign Ministry for a long time.
·      I am happy to note his particular interest in and profound knowledge about South Asia.

Dear friends,

·      Nepal and Russia have many areas of common interests to work together. We have been working closely at bilateral, regional and multilateral levels towards further strengthening friendly relations for the mutual benefits of the two countries and for global peace, security and stability.
·      There are many areas of cooperation that can be harnessed for common benefits. Promotion of trade and investment in energy, industrial and infrastructure development are one of them, where Russia has developed a world-class expertise.
·      Nepal has huge potentials to develop organic agro-products such as tea, coffee, ginger, cardamom which can be exported to Russia. I also believe that Russian people love Nepali handmade woolen carpets and handicrafts of various kinds. We can also import goods from Russia.
·      Nepal is an attractive destination for foreign investment. We have created a sound regulatory framework for the protection of investment together with the guarantee of incentives that also include repatriation of capital and profit without any hassles. One stop service has been in operation to provide one window and fast track service to foreign investors. We invite Russian investment both public and private in productive sectors of our economy. Hydropower, tourism, agriculture, minerals, mines, IT are some of the sectors in which investment is highly profitable.   
·      Minister Lavrov and I discussed our bilateral cooperation, engagements at these platforms, as well as the ways and means for enhancing economic and trade relations.  
·      The people of Nepal are thankful for the cooperation they received from the Russian Federation: in the 2015 earthquake; for infrastructure development; in human resource development; or during the early stage of industrial development in Nepal.
·      People-to-people relations have been phenomenal. Having interest in literature, I have deep respect for Russian literary icons Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Maxim Gorky, Alexander Pushkin etc. It is equally so among many Nepalis.
·      A growing number of Russians have attraction towards eastern philosophies including Buddhism. Likewise, Nepali people are attracted to the glorious history, diverse culture, literature and arts of Russia. 
·      Against this background, Minister Lavrov and I have agreed to further enhancing the level of cultural cooperation and people to people exchange.
·      At regional and international contexts, we have shared our thoughts at length. Nepal stands for multilateralism, so does the Russian Federation. The UN and other multilateral forums are the hard-own institutions of our collective efforts. These institutions should be preserved for the collective benefit of humanity.
·      Russia is playing an active role in various global agendas such as cybersecurity, counterterrorism, peacekeeping, mediation and strengthening of international rule of law. These are important initiatives for peace and security.
·      Minister Lavrov and I are on the same page that we should strive for preserving the multilateralism for the collective benefit of the international community.
Colleagues,
·      Let me also briefly highlight Nepal’s foreign policy priorities. Nepal values cooperation with all the countries based on the principle of “Amity with All and Enmity with None”. As with other countries, Nepal also gives priority to its relationship with the immediate neighbours. Major powers like Russia, development partners and other friendly countries are also in priority in our foreign policy orientation.
·      Nepal is committed to not let its territory to be used against any friendly nation in the world.
·      Non-Alignment, the Panchasheel or the five principle of Peaceful Coexistence, respect for international law, value for world peace continue to guide our conduct of foreign policy. Respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity, independence and non-interference in the domestic affairs of other countries are the fundamentals tenets of healthy international relations.
·      South Asia is a region full of potentials, diversity and challenges. We are committed to engage with friendly countries in the region and beyond on areas of cooperation in the collective interest of the region. Nepal believes that all differences must be settled through peaceful means.
·      Regional cooperation has great potentials to contribute to shared prosperity, peace and stability. Bearing this in mind, we have been playing an active role in reactivating SAARC as its current Chair and revitalizing BIMSTEC as a bridge between South Asia and South-east Asia. 
·      Nepal is also engaged in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization since 2015 as dialogue partner. The framework for the deeper engagement of Nepal with SCO is wide. We believe that our partnership can be upgrade to a full membership. We need support from SCO member States including Russia.     
Distinguished media colleagues,
·      Nepal has established a permanent dialogue forum known as Sagarmatha Sambaad (Mt Everest Dialogue named after the tallest peak on earth) to deliberate on contemporary issues of global, regional and national significance. The first episode of the Sambaad will be held on the theme ‘Climate Change, Mountains and Future of Humanity’ to sensitize the international community about the impending climate crisis and its consequences of humanity. We are expecting high-level participation from a host of countries including the Russian Federation.
·      Let me take this opportunity to inform you that Visit Nepal Year is being celebrated throughout the year 2020 Nepal. I extend to you all my invitation to come to Nepal at your convenient time. Nepal is a beautiful country and has many things to offer both naturally and culturally.
·      I quote the famous poet Rasul Gamzatov, who described Nepal as ‘diamond yet to be crafted’. This is a must-visit destination in one’s lifetime. I would expect that this message gets across Russia and beyond through appropriate publicity in this great friendly nation.
·      I will be pleased to answer if you have any questions to me.

Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s statement and answer to a media question

25 November 201917:28

 Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov’s statement and answer to a media questionduring a joint news conference with Foreign Minister of Nepal Pradeep Kumar Gyawali, Moscow, November 25, 2019

2437-25-11-2019
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    Ladies and gentlemen,
    The talks were quite productive. This is our first meeting, which we think is particularly important. The previous full-format visit by Nepal’s foreign minister to Russia was in 2005.
    The talks confirmed that the meeting was very opportune for comprehensive development of all areas of our relations. Nepal is our long-standing partner in South Asia. Since diplomatic relations were established in 1956, our interaction has always been based on mutual respect, trust and consideration for each other's interests.
    The bonds of friendship linking our peoples were tested in 2015 when, after a devastating earthquake in Nepal, Russia promptly sent a first responder team including doctors and humanitarian aid to the disaster area. We contributed to the speedy adoption by the UN General Assembly of a resolution to urgently mobilise additional aid to Nepal.
    Today, we noted sustainable development of the political dialogue, including between our parliaments. The chairs of the supreme courts of Russia and Nepal visited each other’s countries this year. We noted positive trade dynamics, although the absolute figures are still not too impressive. Trade can be expanded through increasing exchanges in traditional goods and finding ways to diversify trade, economic and investment ties. In this regard, we noted the prospects in the energy sector.
    The Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation of Nepal Barshaman Pun visited Russia last month to participate in the International Forum, Russian Energy Week, and also held bilateral meetings where good prospects for joint development of Nepal’s hydroelectric power resources were identified. Russian aviation has a good track record in the Nepalese highlands. Previously delivered Mi-17 helicopters operate in Nepal. There are further plans for cooperation in this area. Military-technical cooperation has good prospects as well. We agreed to sign a corresponding agreement.
    As for other issues related to the strengthening of our agreement framework, I would like to note the approaches we have agreed on today to expedite the work on documents in the law enforcement area, migration, readmission, emergency response, and cooperation between television channels of Russia and Nepal.
    We specifically focused on the need to expedite the coordination of the bilateral consular convention, which will help resolve issues of aligning the requirements for Russians’ stay in Nepal and the Nepalese in Russia, especially in cases of mixed families.
    Nepal is popular with Russian tourists. Although the number is relatively small now at 11,000 people according to last year’s statistics, it is growing steadily. We thanked our Nepalese colleague for updating us on the efforts to further develop the national tourism industry under the Visit Nepal 2020 programme. We will try to send Russian representatives responsible for the official, sports and cultural areas to participate in the relevant events at the invitation of our friends.
    We are satisfied with the interaction between our foreign affairs agencies. The inter-MFA consultations format has been active and productive since 1995. We also coordinate our activities in multilateral platforms, primarily at the UN and its bodies. This is facilitated by the proximity of our approaches to key and fundamental issues on the regional and global agendas, primarily with regard to strengthening the principles of multilateralism on the solid foundation of the UN Charter and relying on and strengthening the central role of the UN, while respecting the identity of all peoples and their right to determine their own future.
    We have reaffirmed our commitment to the further consolidation of efforts on an equal, democratic, and multilateral basis to counter the numerous global challenges including terrorism, climate change and various regional conflicts.
    We highly praised the role of Nepal as a country which is among the largest suppliers of contingents for UN peacekeeping operations. We will support strengthening the positions of our Nepalese friends in the executive bodies of the UN Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the corresponding peacekeeping operations on the ground in a variety of regions.
    I am quite satisfied with the outcome of the talks which showed the parties’ mutual willingness to expand cooperation. The Minister conveyed an invitation to representatives of the Russian leadership to visit Nepal. We will consider these invitations in a constructive manner. We will agree on the dates of the visits through diplomatic channels.

    Thursday 18 July 2019

    Seventh Meeting of Nepal-India Oversight Mechanism


    Press Release

    The Seventh Meeting of Nepal-India Oversight Mechanism was held in Kathmandu today to review the progress of the projects under bilateral cooperation. 

    The meeting was co-chaired by Foreign Secretary Mr. Shanker Das Bairagi and Ambassador of India to Nepal H. E. Mr. Manjeev Singh Puri.

    The meeting reviewed the status of implementation of all ongoing bilateral projects between Nepal and India in the areas of cross-border rails, petroleum pipelines, roads, integrated check posts, bridges, energy, irrigation, inundation, agriculture, post-earthquake reconstruction, among others.

    Both sides agreed to address the problems and obstacles for the smooth implementation of the projects. They also agreed to expedite works in order for early completion of the projects.

    The Nepal-India Oversight Mechanism was set up after the State Visit to India by the Prime Minister of Nepal in September 2016 to oversee the implementation of bilateral projects and take necessary steps for their completion in time.

    The eighth meeting of the mechanism will take place on a mutually convenient date.

    Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    Government of Nepal
    Kathmandu
    8 July 2019
           

    Nepal and German establish Bilateral Consultation Mechanism


    Press Release:

    Mr. Markus Potzel, Commissioner for South Asia in the German Federal Foreign Office, was on a two-day visit to Nepal from 16 to 17 July 2019. This visit aims at upgrading political relations between Germany and Nepal, based on the long-standing bilateral friendship and cooperation that has lasted for more than 60 years.

    During his visit, Markus Potzel called on Minister for Foreign Affairs Mr. Pradeep Kumar Gyawali, Minister for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Mr. Bhanu Bhakta Dhakal, as well as Minister for Communication and Information Technology Mr. Gokul Prasad Baskota.

    On 16 July, Mr. Shankar Das Bairagi, Foreign Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs welcomed Mr. Markus Potzel to the first joint political consultations between the two Foreign Ministries. Mr. Shankar Das Bairagi also recalled his visit to Berlin in summer 2018, where he was received by Vice Minister Niels Annen in the German Foreign Office.

    The two sides signed the Joint Declaration of Intent on the Establishment of Bilateral Consultation Mechanism, which stipulates that these consultations would be held annually, at mutually convenient times in the future. They will be complementary to the bi-annual consultations on development cooperation, led by the Nepali Ministry of Finance and the German Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development.

    The excellent state of bilateral relations was underlined by a number of recent decisions on joint projects.
    ·       The two sides welcomed the signing of a 24.3 Million Euro financial agreement on Friday 5th July, which will serve to upgrade maternal care facilities in the Kathmandu Valley, the provision of solar energy to remote areas, as well as the establishment of specific credit lines to kick-start start-up businesses in semi-urban and rural areas.
    ·       Germany also pledged additional 4 million Euro for technical cooperation to further upgrade the use of solar energy in order to tackle the challenges of Climate change and energy security in Nepal.
    ·       The two sides welcomed the imminent conclusion of an agreement which will allow diplomats’ spouses to take on gainful employment in the host country while the family is posted there.
    ·       The two sides also welcomed the good prospects for an upcoming cooperation between the University of Hamburg (Germany), and two institutions in Nepal on the preservation of the oldest surviving Sanskrit Manuscripts worldwide.

    The two sides stressed the need for intensifying trade and foreign direct investment linkages, and they welcomed efforts to promote the German private sector’s interest in investments in Nepal. The German side welcomed efforts to foster an open investment climate in Nepal and pledged support in ongoing reform measures. Both sides underlined the need to speed up Government decisions on concrete economic engagements and contracts.

    Germany pledged support to promote tourism, in the context of the Visit Nepal 2020 tourism campaign, but also in the longer term.

    The two sides also reviewed the international and regional situation. They agreed on the need to foster rules-based multilateralism and regional cooperation. The two sides acknowledged the climate change as one of the most serious existential threats to humanity and agreed to promote collaboration, both at bilateral and multilateral levels.

    With regard to both countries’ membership in the UN Human Rights Council, the German side showed appreciation for the Nepali side’s progress made in guaranteeing basic rights, based on the 2015 constitution. The German side also appreciated Nepal’s unique and home-grown peace process and expressed hope that its remaining aspects would be resolved soon.

    The two sides underlined the significance of exchanging high-level visits in further cementing friendly ties and promoting collaborative partnerships in mutually beneficial areas. The two sides were also looking forward to the visit of Vice Minister Norbert Barthle, German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development, to Kathmandu in October, and an upcoming bilateral business forum.

    Nepal and India need to work on a new agenda for development : Foreign Minister


    Statement by Minister for Foreign Affairs Hon. Mr. Pradeep Kumar Gyawali on
    "Nepal-India Relations: Development and Dynamics" at a Talk Programme
    organized by Pushpalal Memorial Foundation
    (18 July 2019, Hotel Summit, Lalitpur)

    ____________________________________________________________________

    Chairman of Pushpalal Memorial Foundation and
    Former Prime Minister Hon. Mr. Madhav Kumar Nepal,
    Hon. Ministers and Members of Parliament,
    Ambassador of India to Nepal
    His Excellency Shri Manjeev Singh Puri,
    Distinguished Participants,
    Ladies and Gentlemen:

    It is a great privilege and honour for me to speak on the theme of "Nepal-India Relations: Development and Dynamics". I would like to express my sincere thanks to the Chairman of Pushpalal Memorial Foundation for organizing this talk programme and also providing me with this opportunity to share my views.
     Let me begin with the historical relationship between Nepal and India. We know the relationship between our two countries is time immemorial. History tells us that even before the modern nations of Nepal and India came into existence, small kingdoms and princely states existing in the present territories of Nepal and India had developed flourishing relationship, both at the level of the government and the people. The bilateral relationship continued to grow in the subsequent times, reaching the present stage. This active relationship in continuity speaks volumes of engagements, friendship and cooperation between our two countries.
    The closeness of the relationship between Nepal and India is based on the robust foundation of geographical proximity, civilizational and cultural bonds, friendship between the two peoples, and similar perceptions on many global and regional issues including shared values. Nepal and India are two independent and sovereign countries; they are immediate neighbours, sharing a long stretch of boundary; and they exist side by side and interact much more densely in every sphere of life. When we realize this fact, we become further closer. And, it also automatically demands from us more efforts to take the relationship to a new height. 
    Distinguished Participants,
    It is with this spirit that the two countries have maintained friendly and cooperative relationship at the highest political level. High level visits at increased frequency have helped not only strengthen friendship but also fructify the relationship in areas of mutual interest. In this context, I would like to fondly recall the visits of both prime ministers and four round of talks last year, which have contributed significantly to further cementing the bilateral ties and to explore the new vistas of cooperation.The growth of the relationship has produced tangible outcomes in many sectors, such as trade, transit, investment, tourism, culture, education, development cooperation and so on. Besides, continuous dialogues, exchange of ideas, and agreements, including through dozens of bilateral mechanisms, have substantially contributed to add dynamism to the relationship.
    It is a matter of satisfaction that Nepal-India relations have been growing in multi-dimensional ways, creating myriads of opportunities. However, this does not mean that the relations are bereft of problems and issues. They are there; and it is not unnatural for any friendly neighbouring countries with wide gamut of relations and dense interaction. What we need to do is to continue removing obstacles, resolving issues and moving forward towards extracting the benefits from enhanced bilateral cooperation.
    And what gives us enormous satisfaction is that we have clear  vision, sufficient commitment and required capability in both sides to address those issues.
    Another important aspect in our relationship is that we have to understand the sensitivities of each other. If there is a trust that sensitivities are well taken care of, it will help grow the relationship smoothly. We need to continue strengthening cooperation for controlling the cross-border criminal and unwanted activities, which harm both countries. Similarly, we must prevent unscrupulous elements from using the soil of one country against another. Furthermore, a practical solution is also to be worked out for reducing Nepal's huge trade deficit with India, as the huge imbalance in trade shows a negative picture.
    Ladies and Gentlemen,
    Given India's huge population, big size of economy, industrial capacity and technological progress, it has remained a major source of investment, import items, tourist inflows, technological support, and development cooperation to Nepal. India is on of the biggest source of foreign investment in Nepal in terms of amount. Among the source countries of tourists coming to Nepal, India is on top of all. Likewise, in Nepal's total imports and exports, India occupies a prominent position. On the part of Nepal too, investment, export of goods and tourists outflow into India are there, though in a smaller scale. These facts and figures vindicate the depth and dynamism of our relationship. Here, what we need to do is to create a win-win situation for both countries. We have to work out plans for ensuring it in a sustainable way.
    The areas of cooperation in our two countries are so wide and all-encompassing that potentials exist in almost every sector. We are blessed with enormous natural resources; we have young and active population; our history, culture and civilization are rich. Additionally, people-to-people bonds are strong and dynamic. Interdependence and interconnectedness are intense. India's economy has already taken momentum, securing a respectable position in the global economy. It is an opportunity for Nepal to take the benefit from this economic growth. In Nepal too, economic growth rates have started going up, which can benefit India as well.

    On of the critical issue to collaborate with, is the issue of climate change. Since the challenges of climate change has scaled up in unprecedented points, probably we should have to use the term climate crisis or urgency rather. As both countries are linked with similar climate system, ecology and Himalayan ranges, problem we face are almost identical. We can even talk the daily weather forecasts nowadays, the potential floods in Terai and adjoining parts of Northern India alarms millions of people everyday. It is a issue, which warrants us to work collaboratively, with sensitivity and urgency
    It is rare to have a highly favourable situation in both countries, which is available at present, as reflected in the stable governments enjoying the two-thirds majority in the parliaments, enormous faith of the peoples in the leaders, accelerating economic growth rates, clear visions for development and prosperity, and strong commitments for delivery of outcomes to the peoples. I see it as a golden opportunity for both Nepal and India. We must do everything possible to tap this opportunity.
    On the one hand, we need to work on a new agenda for development and shared prosperity in the changed scenario; and, on the other hand, we have to complete the unfinished tasks, clearing ways for novel ventures. These twin tasks are to be performed simultaneously. Old treaties and agreements await review for making them appropriate in the present context. Completion of long-standing bilateral cooperation projects of great significance, such as Pancheswor and Hulaki Roads, require due priority. Similarly, resolution of the boundary issues and the permanent solution to the problems of inundation are other important works to be accomplished.
    I am happy to share the facts that a number of flagship projects between Nepal and India have been carried out. Some of them have already been completed and some are in the phase of implementation. The petroleum pipeline project from Motihari to Amlekhgunj is almost ready for operation. The Integrated Check Post in Birgunj has already started functioning and the next one in Biratnagar is awaiting its operationalization. Likewise, some segments of Hulaki Roads have been completed. The process for Raxaul to Kathmandu Railway line has begun with preliminary survey. The works relating to Inland Waterways have also started. We are developing strong connectivity with India through railways and waterways. Cooperation in the field of agriculture is taking momentum. New air entry points have been finalized to pave the way to boost the Nepali aviation industry. I am sure it will phenomenally help enhance movement of goods and people with less cost and less time.

    When we talk about our relations, we should also take into account global developments, as they do have implications on bilateral relations. The world today has seen unprecedented developments in geo-politics, geo-economics, technology, and inter-state relations. Nationalistic fervor, protectionist policies, apathy to multilateralism, and dissociation from global and regional compacts and commitments have unexpectedly changed the dynamics of cooperation among countries. In such a volatile situation, countries like ours have to forge strong cooperation in order to secure common interests from the international and regional engagements.
    Distinguished Participants,
    The Government of Nepal has dedicated its entire efforts towards realizing the national aspiration of "Prosperous Nepal, Happy Nepali". To help contribute to this drive,  we count high the collaboration with India. We welcome increased amount of investment from India into Nepal in areas of our national priority, such as hydropower, transport infrastructure, tourism, agriculture, ICT, mines and minerals, education, health, manufacturing, etc. These investments will benefit not only Nepal but also India. In the areas of trade, enhanced market access for Nepali products in India as well as trade facilitation are required for reducing the trade deficit of Nepal, making the trade beneficial for both countries. Similarly, as we are going to celebrate the year 2020 as the "Visit Nepal Year", we expect more tourists from India to Nepal in 2020 and beyond. From Nepal’s side too, a lot of Nepali people visit India every year as tourists. This is one of the important areas of cooperation between our two countries. As before, I am confident that Nepal will continue receiving increased amount of development cooperation from India. While saying so, I would like to thank the Government of India for continuously extending development cooperation to Nepal in the past as well as increasing the amount of such cooperation to Nepal in the budget announced recently.
    Ladies and Gentlemen
    After the historical political change, Nepal now is perfectly poised for development and prosperity. It is based on the facts on the ground. First, the country has political stability with a government enjoying two-thirds majority in the parliament. Second, with a new constitution as well as new and revised laws, legal base has taken strong roots. Third, good governance and reform in public service have received adequate priority. Fourth, revenue mobilization and financial discipline has created conducive environment in the economic and financial sector. Fifth, the Government of Nepal has given a tempo to development works. Sixth, a lot of incentives and facilities for foreign investors, industrialists and businesspersons are available in the country. Seventh, necessary infrastructure and facilities are being expanded for foreign tourists for their comfortable and enjoyable stay. Finally, the Government of Nepal is committed to strengthen ties with its immediate neighbours and other friendly countries around the world. I am confident that such a propitious environment will serve as a bedrock for the growth of our relations, accruing great advantages to both countries.
    To end, I would like to say that there is every room for the expansion and deepening of Nepal-India relations in the days ahead. Both countries are replete with potentials. There is also the will and determination to realize these potentials for their development. With mutual understanding and trust at all levels, we can continue reaping the benefits of our friendship and cooperation. I see a brighter side in Nepal-India relations. I wish it to remain brighter forever.
    I thank you for your kind attention.


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